Greek Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

For the third personal pronoun, he, she, it, the three genders of an adjective-pronoun are employed: αυτος, self.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns combine the personal pronouns with the oblique cases of αυτος. In the singular the two are written as one word.

The plurals of these forms are: ημων αυτων, of ourselves, ; υμιν, αυτοις, to yourselves, etc.

This reflexive pronoun is sometimes written without the ε, as αυτου, αυτον, etc., and is only distinguished from the cases of αυτος by the aspirate `. Occasionally this reflexive pronoun is used for the first and second persons plural, e.g. τηω εαυτων σωτηριαν , “your own salvation” (Philippians 2:12).

Possessive Pronouns

Possesive pronouns are declined like adjectives of the first form:

There is no third person possessive pronoun in the New Testament, the genitive case of αυτος or of εαυτου being used instead. For example, υιος εαυτου, or υιος αυτου, his own son , i.e. the son of the person who is subject of the sentence; υιος αυτου, his son i.e., the son of another person.

The genitive case of the other personal pronouns are also used most frequently with the force of the possessive.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns follow the model of the Article.

(a) ουτος is thus declined ( stem, τουτο-):

The accent distinguishes the feminine of the nominative singular and plural, αυτη, αυται, from the corresponding cases of the αυτος, viz., αυτη, αυται.

(b) ο αυτος in all its cases is like the table for third personal pronoun αυτος in the table above, with the definite article prefixed. The neuter plural, nominative and accusative, is sometimes written ταυτα, being distinguished by the coronis (soft breathing) as well as by the accent, from ταυτα, these, neuter plural of ουτος.

(c) The demonstrative pronouns of quality, quantity and number:

Relative Pronouns

(a) The relative pronoun, ος, η, ο, who or which, is thus declined:

(b) An indefinite relative, whoever, whatever, is made by combining enclitic τις with ος, η, ο. Both parts of the word are declined, as follows:

The nominative and accusative neuter singular is divided as above (sometimes by a space without comma), to distinguish the word from the conjunction, οτι that.

The other cases (except the Accusative neuter, like Nominative) are not found in the New Testament, but an old genitive masculine singular form, οτου, is used only in the adverbial phrase εωσ οτου as long as, until (Mat v.25, etc. ).

(c) Sometimes the relative is declined with the particle -περ (marking emphatic identity), and means the very one who ; sometimes with other indeclinable suffixes, e.g. οσγε who indeed.

(d) Derivative relative pronouns:

Interogative Pronouns

(a) The simple Interogative Pronoun is τις ; τι ; who? or what? Its declension is identical with that of the indefinite τισ, except that in the interogative the ι of the stem-syllable is accented throughout.

(b) Other interogative forms are employed, correlative to the pronoun in relative pronouns section above, and like them, denoting quality, quantity, and number. They all prefix the letter π- to the relative forms.

(c) Indirect interrogatives prefix the letter to the direct forms beginning with the letter π. ‘Οποιος , of what kind? is the only one of these employed in the New Testament.

Distributive Pronouns

Distributive pronouns are declined like adjectives, and are as follows:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) αλληλων, of one another, used only in the genitive, dative, and accusative plural.

(e) εκαστος, εκαστη, εκαστον, each, used only in the singular; with doubtful exceptions, in Philippians 2:4; Revelation 6:11.

Table of Correlative Adjective Pronouns

Note: Rule for the construction of adjectives are followed also by adjective pronouns. ‘The relative agrees with its antecedent in gender, number, and person,’ (Third Concord), its case being determined by its own sentence.