New Testament Greek

Greek possesses a rich system for referring to persons, things, and groups that are unspecified, unknown, hypothetical, general, or indefinite. At the center of this system stands the indefinite pronoun τις, τι, meaning “someone” or “something.” Around this core pronoun are related forms and constructions that express ideas such as “whoever,” “anyone,” “everyone,” “no one,” and “each one.”

Understanding these forms is essential for accurate exegesis of the Greek New Testament. Many of the invitations, warnings, promises, and universal statements found in the New Testament depend upon the proper interpretation of indefinite pronouns and related constructions.… Learn Koine Greek

One of the most important characteristics of Greek adjectives is their ability to agree with the nouns they modify. Unlike English adjectives, which generally remain unchanged regardless of the noun they describe, Greek adjectives change their forms to match the noun in gender, number, and case.

This principle of agreement is fundamental to understanding New Testament Greek. A student who masters adjective agreement gains a powerful tool for identifying relationships within a sentence and for interpreting Greek syntax accurately.

The central rule may be summarized as follows:

An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case.

This principle applies whether the adjective appears in an attributive position, a predicate position, or a substantival use.… Learn Koine Greek

Among the various pronouns of New Testament Greek, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns occupy a special place because they describe relationships involving the subject itself or relationships between members of a group. Reflexive pronouns indicate that the subject acts upon itself, while reciprocal pronouns indicate mutual action between two or more participants.

These forms occur throughout the Greek New Testament and often carry significant theological and ethical implications. Commands concerning humility, self-examination, self-denial, mutual love, and mutual service frequently depend upon the proper interpretation of reflexive and reciprocal constructions.

A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of the clause.… Learn Koine Greek