Ἐκ φυλῆς Συμεὼν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Λευῒ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰσσάχαρ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, (Revelation 7:7)
Structured Repetition for Sacred Enumeration
Revelation 7:7 continues a solemn liturgical list — the sealing of 144,000 servants, 12,000 from each tribe of the sons of Yisraʾel. This verse lists three tribes: Συμεὼν, Λευῒ, and Ἰσσάχαρ. Though the text seems repetitive, its grammar is precise, sacredly formulaic, and rich in structure.
Let’s explore the three grammatical features that shape this verse:
– Repeated prepositional phrases indicating source or lineage
– Genitive constructions connecting each number to its tribe
– Use of cardinal numerals with plural substantives to express count
We’ll examine all three clauses using a side-by-side grammatical comparison table.
Tribal Enumeration Table
| Phrase | Greek Form | Grammatical Function | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἐκ φυλῆς Συμεὼν | Preposition + genitive noun + proper genitive | Source / tribal origin | “from the tribe of Symeōn” |
| δώδεκα χιλιάδες | Cardinal number + plural noun (fem. nominative) | Quantity of sealed ones | “twelve thousand” |
| ἐκ φυλῆς Λευῒ | Same structure repeated | Source / tribal origin | “from the tribe of Levi” |
| δώδεκα χιλιάδες | Repeated cardinal expression | Quantity again | “twelve thousand” |
| ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰσσάχαρ | Identical prepositional-genitive pattern | Source / tribal origin | “from the tribe of Yissakhar” |
| δώδεκα χιλιάδες | Cardinal numeral structure | Sealed number | “twelve thousand” |
Observations on Form and Function
– The phrase ἐκ φυλῆς appears identically in every line, emphasizing the source of the sealed individuals.
– Each tribe is expressed in the genitive case, which attaches it to φυλῆς as the possessor.
– δώδεκα χιλιάδες (twelve thousands) is grammatically feminine plural, matching the implied collective of sealed individuals — but without explicit mention of “men” or “people,” the numeral carries the full weight of meaning.
– The repetition is not stylistic padding, but liturgical formula — it sanctifies the list with rhythm and solemnity.
Theological Syntax: Tribal Identity and Covenant Enumeration
The structure of Revelation 7:7 is deeply covenantal. Each clause affirms identity through lineage, and each number reinforces divine intentionality. The repetition of ἐκ φυλῆς… δώδεκα χιλιάδες is more than cataloging — it’s a sacred seal of participation in God’s redemptive plan.
In this verse, grammar functions as liturgy — and syntax becomes seal.
