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Greek Lessons
- The Grammar of Pleading: Conditional Syntax and Subjunctive Permission in Matthew 8:31
- The Grammar of Silence: Commands, Purpose, and the Messianic Secret
- “What to Us and to You?”: Demonic Recognition and Eschatological Grammar in Matthew 8:29
- Whispers of Identity: From Prophets to Pronouns in Mark 8:28
- The Field of Blood: Passive Voice and Temporal Clauses in Matthew 27:8
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Category
Tag Archives: Matthew 19:9
Greek Grammar Lesson from Matthew 19:9
Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ὅτι ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπὶ πορνείᾳ καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται· καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχᾶται. (Matthew 19:9)
Focus Topic: Conditional Construction with ἂν and Subjunctive + Present Indicative Result
This verse illustrates a conditional sentence formed with the particle ἂν and a subjunctive verb in the protasis, followed by a present indicative in the apodosis. It also highlights syntactical exceptions and participial usage with theological implications regarding marriage and divorce.
Conditional Clause: ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ…καὶ γαμήσῃThe construction ὃς ἂν + subjunctive forms a general condition or indefinite relative clause (“whoever divorces…”). The particle ἂν marks the protasis as indefinite or potential:
Greek Word Form Function ἀπολύσῃ Aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular “divorces” — part of the condition γαμήσῃ Aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular “marries [another]” — continuation of conditional clauseThese subjunctive verbs are governed by ὃς ἂν and convey potential actions.… Learn Koine Greek