New Testament Greek

καὶ πάντες ἐμαρτύρουν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλεγον· οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωσὴφ; Coordinated Imperfect Verbs: ἐμαρτύρουν and ἐθαύμαζον ἐμαρτύρουν: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural of μαρτυρέω, “they were bearing witness” ἐθαύμαζον: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural of θαυμάζω, “they were marveling”

The use of the imperfect tense for both verbs expresses continuous or repeated action in the past. The verbs are coordinated by καὶ and have the common subject πάντες (“all”), indicating communal response.

Subject: πάντες πάντες: nominative masculine plural of πᾶς, “all (people)”

This plural subject governs both imperfect verbs.… Learn Koine Greek

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγε· Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς· οὐ γὰρ οἴδασι τί ποιοῦσι. διαμεριζόμενοι δὲ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἔβαλον κλῆρον.

Imperfective Prayer of the Crucified: ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγε

– ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς: Nominative with article—”but Jesus.” – δὲ: Coordinating conjunction, continuing narrative with mild contrast. – ἔλεγε: Imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular of λέγω, “he was saying.” – The imperfect tense here suggests ongoing or repeated action—Jesus may have uttered this more than once. – This phrase introduces a statement of immense theological and emotional weight.

Cruciform Intercession: Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς

– Πάτερ: Vocative singular—”Father.” – Intimate address to God, echoing Jesus’ consistent filial relationship.… Learn Koine Greek