New Testament Greek

The participle ἀποκριθεὶς (aorist passive participle, nominative masculine singular of ἀποκρίνομαι) introduces a typical Semitic-influenced narrative formula, often found in the Gospels: “And answering, Jesus said…” This construction is grammatically redundant in Greek but stylistically Semitic. It functions adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of the main verb εἶπεν.

Although ἀποκριθεὶς is morphologically passive, the verb ἀποκρίνομαι is deponent, meaning it has passive forms but active meaning: “he answered”.

The verb εἶπεν (aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular of λέγω) is the main verb of the sentence, meaning “he said.”… Learn Koine Greek

Καὶ ἐλθὼν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς εἶδεν ὄχλον πολὺν περὶ αὐτοὺς, καὶ γραμματεῖς συζητοῦντας αὐτοῖς

The participle ἐλθὼν is the aorist active participle of ἔρχομαι, meaning “to come” or “to go.” It is nominative masculine singular and refers to Jesus. As an aorist participle, it indicates action prior to the main verb — “after coming” or “when he came.”

The phrase πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς (“to the disciples”) shows the goal of this arrival. This scene follows the Transfiguration, and Jesus is now rejoining the disciples who had remained below.

εἶδεν is the aorist active indicative of ὁράω — “he saw.”… Learn Koine Greek