Declension of Nouns

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

There are three declension of nouns i.e general forms of inflection. (1) The first declension belong to all whose stems end in α (2) The second declension belong to all whose stems end in ο (3) The third declension belong to all whose stems end in other than

The first and second declensions are parisyllabic, i.e. the terminations are blended with the stem-vowel in one syllable. The third declension is imparisyllable, i.e the termination of most of the cases forms an additional sylable to the stems.

First Declension

Feminines, in the nominative case, exhibit the simple stem, excepting that in cetain cases the alpha is lengthened into η.… Learn Koine Greek

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Greek Verb “To be”

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The conjugation of verb to be in the indicative mood

Present Singular Plural ειμι I am εσμεν We are ει You are εστε You are εστι(ιν) he (she, or it) is εισι(ν) They are Past Singular Plural ην I was ημεν We were ησ (or ησθα) You was ητε You were ην he (she or it) was ησαν They were Future Singular Plural εσομαι I shall be εσομεθα We shall be εση You shall be εσεσθε You shall be εσται he (she or it) shall be εσονται They shall be

All verbs has the personal endings like ει-μι, εσ-σι, εσ-τι. … Learn Koine Greek

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Greek Definite Article

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The definite article is employed in combination with nouns, and is declined in gender, number, and case, to correspond with them. The Greek article is the same form as the demonstrative ο, η, το. The Greek article must be in the gender, number and case of the noun to which it belongs, according to the rule. “Adjectives, participles, and pronouns must agree with their substantives in gender, number and case.” (Second concord)

The article is often found with abstract nouns when regarded as separate objects of thought.

Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ο η το Genitive του τησ του Dative τω τη τω Accusative τον την το

 

Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οι αι τα Genitive των των των Dative τοις ταις τοις Accusative τους τας τα

 

There is no indefinite article in Greek, but its place is often supplied by the indefinite pronoun (any, a certain).… Learn Koine Greek

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The Cases (Πτοσεις)

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

There are five cases in New Testament Greek that you should remember by heart: (1) nominative (case of the subject) (2) genitive (or possessive) (3) dative (conjunctive) (4) accusative (case of the object) (5) vocative (used in direct address).

Τhe nominative is the case of the subject. “A verb must agree with nominative case in number and person” (The first Concord). Nouns are of the third person.

When the subject is a personal pronoun, it is implied in the form of the verb, and is not separately expressed unless emphatic. In the third person singular, the omitted subject will be he, she, or it, and is to be learned from the connexion.… Learn Koine Greek

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Nouns

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

Nouns in Greek have three genders: (i) masculine (ii) feminine (iii) neuter… Learn Koine Greek

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Greek Vowel

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

Vowels

There are seven vowels in Greek: (1) α (2) ε (3) η (4) ι (5) ο (6) υ (7) ω

Of these ε and ο are always short, and take about half the time to pronounce as η and ω, which are always long.

A diphthong combines two vowels in one syllable. The second vowel is or ι or υ. The diphthongs are αι, ει, αυ, ευ, ου, ηυ, and, υι. ι written below the line of α, η, and ω is called iota subscript. These are improper diphthongs.… Learn Koine Greek

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Use of the Interrogative Pronoun τις

Posted on February 14, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The pronoun τις is sometimes put for the relative; as in Latin qui and quis, and in English, who is both relative and interrogative. Examples, (1) Where τις retains its interrogative meaning, and still must be rendered in Latin by quis or quod. E.g. Mat 20:22

Matthew 20:22 αποκριθεις δε ο ιησους ειπεν ουκ οιδατε τι αιτεισθε δυνασθε πιειν το ποτηριον ο εγω μελλω πινειν και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθηναι λεγουσιν αυτω δυναμεθα

But Jesus answered and said, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?”… Learn Koine Greek

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Aramaic Style of the Greek New Testament

Posted on February 13, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The national Aramaic or Hebrew element influenced Greek-writing Jewish authors of the Greek New Testament in a threefold manner: (1) It is proable that the speaker or writer quite involuntarily and unconciously rendered a phrase by his mother tounge by an accurately corresponding phrase; (2) The reading and hearing of the Old Testament in the Greek version of the Septuagint coloured the writer’s style, especially if he desired to write in a solemn and dignified manner (just as profane writers borrowed phrases from the Attic writers for a similar objects); (3) A great part of the New Testament writings (the three first Gospels and the first half of the Acts) is in all probability a direct working over of Aramaic or Hebrew materials.… Learn Koine Greek

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Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis

Posted on February 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek

Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis is a 5th century A.D. codex of the New Testament that is written in an uncial hand on vellum. It is designated by siglum D or 05 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 5 (von Soden). The codex contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the third epistle of John.

The codex that was written one column per page contains 406 extant parchment leaves (from perhaps an original 534) measuring 26 x 21.5 cm, with the Greek text on the left face and the Latin text on the right.… Learn Koine Greek

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Nomina Sacra

Posted on February 9, 2011 by New Testament Greek
English Greek Word Nominative (Subject) Genitive (Possessive) God Θεός ΘΣ ΘΥ Lord Κύριος ΚΣ ΚΥ Jesus Ἰησοῦς ΙΣ ΙΥ Christ Χριστὸς ΧΣ ΧΥ Son Υἱός ΥΣ ΥΥ Spirit Πνεῦμα ΠΝΑ ΠΝΣ Father Πατήρ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΣ Saviour Σωτὴρ ΣΗΡ ΣΡΣ Heaven/Heavens Οὐρανὸς ΟΥΝΟΣ ΟΥΝΟΥ Man Ἄνθρωπος ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΥ Israel Ἰσραὴλ ΙΗΛ Jerusalem Ἱερουσαλήμ ΙΛΗΜ David Δαυὶδ ΔΑΔ Cross Σταυρός ΣΤΣ ΣΤΥ Mother Μήτηρ ΜΗΡ ΜΗΣ

Nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum) means “sacred names” in Latin. In paleography and textual criticism, it is used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek manuscripts of the Bible.… Learn Koine Greek

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