Future Indicative: The Imperative Future

Posted on December 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

(1) The Imperative Future. The second person of the Future Indicative is often used as an Imperative.

Jas. 2:8; Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν, thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

REMARK 1. This idiom as it occurs in the New Testament shows clearly the influence of the Septuagint. It occurs most frequently in prohibitions, its negative being, as also commonly in classical Greek, not μὴ, but οὐ.

REMARK 2. In Matt. 15:6 the verb timh,sei has the negative ouvmh.. Some interpreters take this as a Predictive Future, but the thought requires the Imperative sense, and in view of the frequent use of ouv mh.… Learn Koine Greek

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Mark 7:10 ; Exodus 20:12

Posted on November 30, 2011 by New Testament Greek
Mark 7:10

μωσης γαρ ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα σου και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω

Mark 7:10 (KJV)

For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

Exodus 20:12 (Septuagint)

τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται, καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιος γένῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς τῆς ἀγαθῆς, ἧς κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι.

Exodus 20:12 (Brenton)

Honour thy father and thy mother, that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest live long on the good land, which the Lord thy God gives to thee.… Learn Koine Greek

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Matthew 22:39 ; Leviticus 19:18

Posted on November 28, 2011 by New Testament Greek
Matthew 22:39

δευτερα δε ομοια αυτη αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον

Mat 22:39 (KJV)

And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Leviticus 19:18 (Septuagint)

καὶ οὐκ ἐκδικᾶταί σου ἡ χείρ, καὶ οὐ μηνιεῖς τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.

Lev 19:18 (Brenton)

And thy hand shall not avenge thee; and thou shalt not be angry with the children of thy people; and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; I am the Lord.

Leviticus 19:18 (Masoretic)

לא־תקם ולא־תטר את־בני עמך ואהבת לרעך כמוך אני יהוה׃

Lev 19:18 (KJV)

Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.… Learn Koine Greek

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Matthew 21:16 ; Psalm 8:3

Posted on November 19, 2011 by New Testament Greek
Matthew 21:16

και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον

KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?

Psalm 8:3 (8:2) (Septuagint)

ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον ἕνεκα τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου τοῦ καταλῦσαι ἐχθρὸν καὶ ἐκδικητήν .

Brenton Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou perfected praise, because of thine enemies; that thou mightest put down the enemy and avenger.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἱρέομαι ; αἵρειν

Posted on November 16, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἱρέομαι; αἵρειν : (1) to take for oneself, to prefer, choose (2) to choose by vote, elect to office

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: (1) tollere (2) ferre

Syriac:

Matthew 4:6

και λεγει αυτω ει υιος ει του θεου βαλε σεαυτον κατω γεγραπται γαρ οτι τοις αγγελοις αυτου εντελειται περι σου και επι χειρων αρουσιν σε μηποτε προσκοψης προς λιθον τον ποδα σου

KJV And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.… Learn Koine Greek

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Comparative Greek Analysis: Acts 11:11 in Koine vs. Classical Greek

Posted on November 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek
Original Text (Acts 11:11)

Καὶ ἰδοὺ εὐθέως τρεῖς ἄνδρες ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν, ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ Καισαρείας πρός με.

Literal English Translation

And behold, immediately three men stood near the house in which we were, having been sent from Caesarea to me.

Grammar and Syntax Analysis (Koine Greek) Καὶ ἰδοὺ – A vivid narrative marker common in Koine Greek, often used in the Gospels and Acts to dramatize a new event. The particle ἰδοὺ functions as a demonstrative exclamation (“behold!”) and draws the listener’s attention with almost theatrical effect. εὐθέως – An adverb meaning “immediately.” Typical of Koine preference for narrative urgency; Luke favors such adverbs to transition swiftly between scenes.… Learn Koine Greek
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αἶνος

Posted on November 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἶνος: (1) a saying, proverb (2) praise, laudatory discourse

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Latin: laus

Syriac: ܫܒܚ (praise, laud, glory)

Matthew 21:16

και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον

KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?

Vulgate et dixerunt ei audis quid isti dicant Iesus autem dicit eis utique numquam legistis quia ex ore infantium et lactantium perfecisti laudem

Peshitta ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ ܡܳܢܳܐ ܐܳܡܪܺܝܢ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܐܳܡܰܪ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܐܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܡܬ݂ܽܘܡ ܠܳܐ ܩܪܰܝܬ݁ܽܘܢ ܕ݁ܡܶܢ ܦ݁ܽܘܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܛܠܳܝܶܐ ܘܰܕ݂ܝܰܠܽܘܕ݂ܶܐ ܬ݁ܰܩܶܢܬ݁ ܬ݁ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ܂

ואמרין לה שמע אנת מנא אמרין הלין אמר להון ישוע אין מן מתום לא קריתון דמן פומא דטליא ודילודא תקנת תשבוחתא܂

Luke 18:43

και παραχρημα ανεβλεψεν και ηκολουθει αυτω δοξαζων τον θεον και πας ο λαος ιδων εδωκεν αινον τω θεω

KJV And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, glorifying God: and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise unto God.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἴνιγμα

Posted on November 10, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἴνιγμα: (1) an obscure saying, enigma, riddle (2) an obscure thing

Part of Speech: noun neuter

Latin: aenigma

Syriac: ܦܠܐܬܐ (parable, figure, similitude, comparison)

1 Corinthians 13:12

βλεπομεν γαρ αρτι δι εσοπτρου εν αινιγματι τοτε δε προσωπον προς προσωπον αρτι γινωσκω εκ μερους τοτε δε επιγνωσομαι καθως και επεγνωσθην

KJV For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

Vulgate videmus nunc per speculum in enigmate tunc autem facie ad faciem nunc cognosco ex parte tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum

Peshitta ܗܳܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܕ݁ܰܒ݂ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܚܳܙܶܝܢܰܢ ܒ݁ܦ݂ܶܠܶܐܬ݂ܳܐ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܽܘܩܒ݂ܰܠ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܝܳܕ݂ܰܥ ܐ݈ܢܳܐ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܶܕ݁ܰܥ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܶܐܬ݂ܝܰܕ݂ܥܶܬ݂܂

השא איך דבמחזיתא חזינן בפלאתא הידין דין אפין לוקבל אפין השא ידע אנא קליל מן סגי הידין דין אדע איך מא דאתידעת܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν

Posted on November 8, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν: (1) to praise, extol, to sing praises in honour to God (2) to allow, recommend (3) to promise or vow

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: (1) laudare (2) collaudare (3) laudem dicere

Syriac: (1) ܫܒܚ (glorify, praise) (2) ܗܠ (praise)

Luke 2:13

και εξαιφνης εγενετο συν τω αγγελω πληθος στρατιας ουρανιου αινουντων τον θεον και λεγοντων

KJV And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

Vulgate et subito facta est cum angelo multitudo militiae caelestis laudantium Deum et dicentium

Peshitta ܘܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝ ܐܶܬ݂ܚܙܺܝܘ ܥܰܡ ܡܰܠܰܐܟ݂ܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܰܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝܶܐܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܟ݁ܰܕ݂ ܡܫܰܒ݁ܚܺܝܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ܂

ומן שלי אתחזיו עם מלאכא חילותא סגיאא דשמיא כד משבחין לאלהא ואמרין

Luke 2:20

και επεστρεψαν οι ποιμενες δοξαζοντες και αινουντες τον θεον επι πασιν οις ηκουσαν και ειδον καθως ελαληθη προς αυτους

KJV And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.… Learn Koine Greek

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Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18

Posted on November 7, 2011 by New Testament Greek

2. Old Testament Quotations In The New Testament

Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18

Matthew 19:19

τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον

Leviticus 19:18

Septuagint (LXX) καὶ οὐκ ἐκδικᾶταί σου ἡ χείρ, καὶ οὐ μηνιεῖς τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.

ἑαυτόν in many manuscripts and the Aldine and Complutensian editions.

Masoretic לא־תקם ולא־תטר את־בני עמך ואהבת לרעך כמוך אני יהוה׃ … Learn Koine Greek

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