Aramaic Style of the Greek New Testament

Posted on February 13, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The national Aramaic or Hebrew element influenced Greek-writing Jewish authors of the Greek New Testament in a threefold manner: (1) It is proable that the speaker or writer quite involuntarily and unconciously rendered a phrase by his mother tounge by an accurately corresponding phrase; (2) The reading and hearing of the Old Testament in the Greek version of the Septuagint coloured the writer’s style, especially if he desired to write in a solemn and dignified manner (just as profane writers borrowed phrases from the Attic writers for a similar objects); (3) A great part of the New Testament writings (the three first Gospels and the first half of the Acts) is in all probability a direct working over of Aramaic or Hebrew materials.… Learn Koine Greek

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Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis

Posted on February 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek

Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis is a 5th century A.D. codex of the New Testament that is written in an uncial hand on vellum. It is designated by siglum D or 05 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 5 (von Soden). The codex contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the third epistle of John.

The codex that was written one column per page contains 406 extant parchment leaves (from perhaps an original 534) measuring 26 x 21.5 cm, with the Greek text on the left face and the Latin text on the right.… Learn Koine Greek

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Nomina Sacra

Posted on February 9, 2011 by New Testament Greek
English Greek Word Nominative (Subject) Genitive (Possessive) God Θεός ΘΣ ΘΥ Lord Κύριος ΚΣ ΚΥ Jesus Ἰησοῦς ΙΣ ΙΥ Christ Χριστὸς ΧΣ ΧΥ Son Υἱός ΥΣ ΥΥ Spirit Πνεῦμα ΠΝΑ ΠΝΣ Father Πατήρ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΣ Saviour Σωτὴρ ΣΗΡ ΣΡΣ Heaven/Heavens Οὐρανὸς ΟΥΝΟΣ ΟΥΝΟΥ Man Ἄνθρωπος ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΥ Israel Ἰσραὴλ ΙΗΛ Jerusalem Ἱερουσαλήμ ΙΛΗΜ David Δαυὶδ ΔΑΔ Cross Σταυρός ΣΤΣ ΣΤΥ Mother Μήτηρ ΜΗΡ ΜΗΣ

Nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum) means “sacred names” in Latin. In paleography and textual criticism, it is used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek manuscripts of the Bible.… Learn Koine Greek

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Indefinite Article

Posted on February 3, 2011 by New Testament Greek

Greeks have no indefinite article. When they wish to designate an individual in a manner undefined, they make use of  τις. This usage is fully adopted in the New Testament.… Learn Koine Greek

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Codex Vaticanus

Posted on February 2, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The Codex Vaticanus B 03 (Vaticanus Graecus 1209) is the oldest extant manuscript of the Greek Bible. The Codex has been stored in the Vatican Library since the 15th century, hence the name Codex Vaticanus. It is written on 759 leaves of vellum in uncial letters, and has been dated palaeographically to circa 325–350 A.D. Most lines of Vaticanus contain only 15-18 letters of text.

Codex Vaticanus originally contained a virtually complete copy of the Septuagint, lacking only 1-4 Maccabees and the Prayer of Manasseh. The original 20 leaves with the Genesis 1:1–46:28a (31 leaves), and Psalm 105:27–137:6b, have been lost and were transcribed by a later hand in the 15th century.… Learn Koine Greek

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Introduction To The New Testament Greek

Posted on February 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The character of New Testament diction, although it is pretty definitely marked, was for a long mistaken, or was imperfectly and partially understood by biblical philologists. The reason for this was, the want of acquantaince with the character of the Greek language in its later periods, joined with polemical considerations, which always render men of clear understanding in respect to other things, slow to discern what is correct in respect to a controverted subject.

From the time of Henry Stephens (1576) down to the middle of the past century, two parties existed among the interpreters of the New Testament; the one of which laboured to shew, that the diction of the New Testament is in all respects conformed to the style of the Greek (Attic) writers; while the other maintained, on the contrary, and supposed themselves able to prove from every verse, that the style was altogether mixed with Hebraisms, and came very far short of the ancient classic Greek, in respect to purity.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἴνεσις

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἴνεσις: (1) praise, (2) a thank offering

Part of Speech: noun feminine

Latin: laus

Syriac: ܫܒܚ

Hebrews 13:15

δι αυτου ουν αναφερωμεν θυσιαν αινεσεως διαπαντος τω θεω τουτεστιν καρπον χειλεων ομολογουντων τω ονοματι αυτου

KJV By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name.

Vulgate per ipsum ergo offeramus hostiam laudis semper Deo id est fructum labiorum confitentium nomini eius

Peshitta ܘܒ݂ܺܐܝܕ݂ܶܗ ܢܰܣܶܩ ܕ݁ܶܒ݂ܚܶܐ ܕ݁ܬ݂ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ ܒ݁ܟ݂ܽܠܙܒ݂ܰܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܕ݁ܺܐܝܬ݂ܶܝܗ ܦ݁ܺܐܪܶܐ ܕ݁ܣܶܦ݂ܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܡܰܘܕ݁ܝܳܢ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ܂

ובאידה נסק דבחא דתשבוחתא בכלזבן לאלהא דאיתיה פארא דספותא דמודין לשמה܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἱμοῤῥέω ; αἱμορροεῖν

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἱμοῤῥέω ; αἱμορροεῖν : (1) to suffer from a flow of blood; (2) to have a discharge of blood; (3) to lose blood

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: sanguinis fluxum pati

Syriac: ܪܕܐ (flow) ; ܕܡ (blood)

Matthew 9:20

και ιδου γυνη αιμορροουσα δωδεκα ετη προσελθουσα οπισθεν ηψατο του κρασπεδου του ιματιου αυτου

KJV And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment:

Vulgate et ecce mulier quae sanguinis fluxum patiebatur duodecim annis accessit retro et tetigit fimbriam vestimenti eius

Peshitta ܘܗܳܐ ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܪܳܕ݂ܶܐ ܗ݈ܘܳܐ ܕ݁ܡܳܗ ܫܢܺܝܢ ܬ݁ܰܪܬ݁ܰܥܶܣܪܶܐ ܐܶܬ݂ܳܬ݂ ܡܶܢ ܒ݁ܶܣܬ݁ܪܶܗ ܘܩܶܪܒ݁ܰܬ݂ ܠܩܰܪܢܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܠܒ݂ܽܘܫܶܗ܂

והא אנתתא דרדא הוא דמה שנין תרתעסרא אתת מן בסתרה וקרבת לקרנא דלבושה܂ … Learn Koine Greek

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αἱματεκχυσία

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἱματεκχυσία: (1) shedding of blood

Part of Speech: noun feminine

Latin: sanguinis effusio

Syriac: ܫܦܥ (shedding, pouring); ܕܡ (blood)

Hebrews 9:22

και σχεδον εν αιματι παντα καθαριζεται κατα τον νομον και χωρις αιματεκχυσιας ου γινεται αφεσις

KJV And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.

Vulgate et omnia paene in sanguine mundantur secundum legem et sine sanguinis fusione non fit remissio

Peshitta ܡܶܛܽܠ ܕ݁ܟ݂ܽܠܡܶܕ݁ܶܡ ܒ݁ܰܕ݂ܡܳܐ ܗ݈ܘ ܡܶܬ݁ܕ݁ܰܟ݁ܶܐ ܒ݁ܢܳܡܽܘܣܳܐ ܘܰܕ݂ܠܳܐ ܫܽܘܦ݁ܳܥ ܕ݁ܡܳܐ ܠܰܝܬ݁ ܫܽܘܒ݂ܩܳܢܳܐ܂

מטל דכלמדם בדמא הו מתדכא בנמוסא ודלא שופע דמא לית שובקנא܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἷμα

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἷμα: (1) blood (a) of man or animals (b) refers to the seat of life (c) of those things that resemble blood, grape juice

(2) blood shed, to be shed by violence, slay, murder

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Latin: sanguis

Syriac: ܕܡ

Hebrews 9:7

εις δε την δευτεραν απαξ του ενιαυτου μονος ο αρχιερευς ου χωρις αιματος ο προσφερει υπερ εαυτου και των του λαου αγνοηματων

KJV But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people:

Vulgate in secundo autem semel in anno solus pontifex non sine sanguine quem offert pro sua et populi ignorantia

Peshitta ܠܡܰܫܟ݁ܢܳܐ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܰܠܓ݂ܰܘ ܡܶܢܶܗ ܚܕ݂ܳܐ ܗ݈ܘ ܒ݁ܫܰܢ݈ܬ݁ܳܐ ܒ݁ܰܠܚܽܘܕ݂ܰܘܗ݈ܝ ܥܳܐܶܠ ܗ݈ܘܳܐ ܪܰܒ݁ܟ݁ܽܘܡ̈̈ܪܶܐ ܒ݁ܰܕ݂ܡܳܐ ܗܰܘ ܕ݁ܰܡܩܰܪܶܒ݂ ܗ݈ܘܳܐ ܚܠܳܦ݂ ܢܰܦ݂ܫܶܗ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ݂ ܣܰܟ݂ܠܽܘܬ݂ܶܗ ܕ݁ܥܰܡܳܐ܂

למשכנא דין דלגו מנה חדא הו בשנתא בלחודוהי עאל הוא רבכומרא בדמא הו דמקרב הוא חלף נפשה וחלף סכלותה דעמא܂

Hebrews 9:12

ουδε δι αιματος τραγων και μοσχων δια δε του ιδιου αιματος εισηλθεν εφαπαξ εις τα αγια αιωνιαν λυτρωσιν ευραμενος

KJV Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.… Learn Koine Greek

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