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Greek Lessons
- When News Travels: The Grammar of Report and Mission
- When Memory Speaks: Learning to Compose Greek from Mark 11:21
- When a Finger Moves the World: The Grammar of Arrival Hidden in an Exorcism
- Vindicated at the Table: How Speech Condemns and Grammar Acquits
- Carried, Not Carrying: The Grammar That Topples Boasting
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Category
Author Archives: New Testament Greek
Future Indicative: Periphrastic Form of The Future
(1) PERIPHRASTIC FORM OF THE FUTURE. A Future tense composed of a Present Participle and the Future of the verb eivmi, is found occasionally in the New Testament. The force is that of a Progressive Future, with the thought of continuance or customariness somewhat emphasized.
Luke 5:10; ἀνθρώπους ἔσῃ ζωγρῶν, thou shalt catch men, i.e. shalt be a catcher of men.
Luke 21:24; Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη, Jerusalem shall [continue to] be trodden under foot.
(2) Μέλλει with the Infinitive is also used with a force akin to that of the Future Indicative. It is usually employed of an action which one intends to do, or of that which is certain, destined to take place.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Future Indicative, Periphrastic Form of The Future, Present Participle, Μέλλει
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Future Indicative: The Deliberative Future
(1) The Deliberative Future. The Future Indicative is sometimes used in questions of deliberation, asking not what will happen, but what can or ought to be done. Such questions may be real questions asking information, or rhetorical questions taking the place of a direct assertion. Cf. 169 under The Deliberative Subjunctive.
Luke 22:49; εἰ πατάξομεν ἐν μαχαίρῃ, shall we smite with the sword?
John 6:68; Κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα, Lord, to whom shall we go?… Learn Koine Greek
Future Indicative: The Gnomic Future
(1) The Gnomic Future. The Future Indicative may be used to state what will customarily happen when occasion offers.
Rom. 5:7; μόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται, for scarcely for a righteous man will one die. See also Gen. 44:15; Rom. 7:3, χρηματίσει. Observe the Gnomic Presents both before and after.
Future Indicative: The Imperative Future
(1) The Imperative Future. The second person of the Future Indicative is often used as an Imperative.
Jas. 2:8; Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν, thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.
REMARK 1. This idiom as it occurs in the New Testament shows clearly the influence of the Septuagint. It occurs most frequently in prohibitions, its negative being, as also commonly in classical Greek, not μὴ, but οὐ.
REMARK 2. In Matt. 15:6 the verb timh,sei has the negative ouvmh.. Some interpreters take this as a Predictive Future, but the thought requires the Imperative sense, and in view of the frequent use of ouv mh.… Learn Koine Greek
Mark 7:10 ; Exodus 20:12
Mark 7:10
μωσης γαρ ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα σου και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω
Mark 7:10 (KJV)For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:
Exodus 20:12 (Septuagint)τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται, καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιος γένῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς τῆς ἀγαθῆς, ἧς κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι.
Exodus 20:12 (Brenton)Honour thy father and thy mother, that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest live long on the good land, which the Lord thy God gives to thee.… Learn Koine Greek
Matthew 22:39 ; Leviticus 19:18
Matthew 22:39
δευτερα δε ομοια αυτη αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον
Mat 22:39 (KJV)And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
Leviticus 19:18 (Septuagint)καὶ οὐκ ἐκδικᾶταί σου ἡ χείρ, καὶ οὐ μηνιεῖς τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.
Lev 19:18 (Brenton)And thy hand shall not avenge thee; and thou shalt not be angry with the children of thy people; and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; I am the Lord.
Leviticus 19:18 (Masoretic)לא־תקם ולא־תטר את־בני עמך ואהבת לרעך כמוך אני יהוה׃
Lev 19:18 (KJV)Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in OT Quotations In NT
Tagged Lev 19:18, Leviticus 19:18, Mat 22:39, Matthew 22:39
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Matthew 21:16 ; Psalm 8:3
Matthew 21:16
και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον
KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?
Psalm 8:3 (8:2) (Septuagint)ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον ἕνεκα τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου τοῦ καταλῦσαι ἐχθρὸν καὶ ἐκδικητήν .
Brenton Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou perfected praise, because of thine enemies; that thou mightest put down the enemy and avenger.… Learn Koine Greek
αἱρέομαι ; αἵρειν
αἱρέομαι; αἵρειν : (1) to take for oneself, to prefer, choose (2) to choose by vote, elect to office
Part of Speech: verb
Latin: (1) tollere (2) ferre
Syriac:
Matthew 4:6και λεγει αυτω ει υιος ει του θεου βαλε σεαυτον κατω γεγραπται γαρ οτι τοις αγγελοις αυτου εντελειται περι σου και επι χειρων αρουσιν σε μηποτε προσκοψης προς λιθον τον ποδα σου
KJV And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.… Learn Koine Greek
Comparative Greek Analysis: Acts 11:11 in Koine vs. Classical Greek
Original Text (Acts 11:11)
Καὶ ἰδοὺ εὐθέως τρεῖς ἄνδρες ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν, ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ Καισαρείας πρός με.
Literal English TranslationAnd behold, immediately three men stood near the house in which we were, having been sent from Caesarea to me.
Grammar and Syntax Analysis (Koine Greek) Καὶ ἰδοὺ – A vivid narrative marker common in Koine Greek, often used in the Gospels and Acts to dramatize a new event. The particle ἰδοὺ functions as a demonstrative exclamation (“behold!”) and draws the listener’s attention with almost theatrical effect. εὐθέως – An adverb meaning “immediately.” Typical of Koine preference for narrative urgency; Luke favors such adverbs to transition swiftly between scenes.… Learn Koine Greekαἶνος
αἶνος: (1) a saying, proverb (2) praise, laudatory discourse
Part of Speech: noun masculine
Latin: laus
Syriac: ܫܒܚ (praise, laud, glory)
Matthew 21:16και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον
KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?
Vulgate et dixerunt ei audis quid isti dicant Iesus autem dicit eis utique numquam legistis quia ex ore infantium et lactantium perfecisti laudem
Peshitta ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ ܡܳܢܳܐ ܐܳܡܪܺܝܢ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܐܳܡܰܪ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܐܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܡܬ݂ܽܘܡ ܠܳܐ ܩܪܰܝܬ݁ܽܘܢ ܕ݁ܡܶܢ ܦ݁ܽܘܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܛܠܳܝܶܐ ܘܰܕ݂ܝܰܠܽܘܕ݂ܶܐ ܬ݁ܰܩܶܢܬ݁ ܬ݁ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ܂
ואמרין לה שמע אנת מנא אמרין הלין אמר להון ישוע אין מן מתום לא קריתון דמן פומא דטליא ודילודא תקנת תשבוחתא܂
Luke 18:43και παραχρημα ανεβλεψεν και ηκολουθει αυτω δοξαζων τον θεον και πας ο λαος ιδων εδωκεν αινον τω θεω
KJV And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, glorifying God: and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise unto God.… Learn Koine Greek
