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Greek Lessons
- When News Travels: The Grammar of Report and Mission
- When Memory Speaks: Learning to Compose Greek from Mark 11:21
- When a Finger Moves the World: The Grammar of Arrival Hidden in an Exorcism
- Vindicated at the Table: How Speech Condemns and Grammar Acquits
- Carried, Not Carrying: The Grammar That Topples Boasting
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Category
Author Archives: New Testament Greek
αἴνιγμα
αἴνιγμα: (1) an obscure saying, enigma, riddle (2) an obscure thing
Part of Speech: noun neuter
Latin: aenigma
Syriac: ܦܠܐܬܐ (parable, figure, similitude, comparison)
1 Corinthians 13:12βλεπομεν γαρ αρτι δι εσοπτρου εν αινιγματι τοτε δε προσωπον προς προσωπον αρτι γινωσκω εκ μερους τοτε δε επιγνωσομαι καθως και επεγνωσθην
KJV For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.
Vulgate videmus nunc per speculum in enigmate tunc autem facie ad faciem nunc cognosco ex parte tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum
Peshitta ܗܳܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܕ݁ܰܒ݂ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܚܳܙܶܝܢܰܢ ܒ݁ܦ݂ܶܠܶܐܬ݂ܳܐ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܽܘܩܒ݂ܰܠ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܝܳܕ݂ܰܥ ܐ݈ܢܳܐ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܶܕ݁ܰܥ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܶܐܬ݂ܝܰܕ݂ܥܶܬ݂܂
השא איך דבמחזיתא חזינן בפלאתא הידין דין אפין לוקבל אפין השא ידע אנא קליל מן סגי הידין דין אדע איך מא דאתידעת܂… Learn Koine Greek
αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν
αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν: (1) to praise, extol, to sing praises in honour to God (2) to allow, recommend (3) to promise or vow
Part of Speech: verb
Latin: (1) laudare (2) collaudare (3) laudem dicere
Syriac: (1) ܫܒܚ (glorify, praise) (2) ܗܠ (praise)
Luke 2:13και εξαιφνης εγενετο συν τω αγγελω πληθος στρατιας ουρανιου αινουντων τον θεον και λεγοντων
KJV And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
Vulgate et subito facta est cum angelo multitudo militiae caelestis laudantium Deum et dicentium
Peshitta ܘܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝ ܐܶܬ݂ܚܙܺܝܘ ܥܰܡ ܡܰܠܰܐܟ݂ܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܰܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝܶܐܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܟ݁ܰܕ݂ ܡܫܰܒ݁ܚܺܝܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ܂
ומן שלי אתחזיו עם מלאכא חילותא סגיאא דשמיא כד משבחין לאלהא ואמרין
Luke 2:20και επεστρεψαν οι ποιμενες δοξαζοντες και αινουντες τον θεον επι πασιν οις ηκουσαν και ειδον καθως ελαληθη προς αυτους
KJV And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged collaudare, conlaudantes, laudantes, laudantium, laudare, laudate, laudem, laudem dicere, αἰνεῖν, αινειτε, αἰνέω, αινουντες, αινουντων, ܗܠ, ܡܫܰܒ݁ܚܺܝܢ, ܫܒܚ
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Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18
2. Old Testament Quotations In The New Testament
Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18
Matthew 19:19τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον
Leviticus 19:18Septuagint (LXX) καὶ οὐκ ἐκδικᾶταί σου ἡ χείρ, καὶ οὐ μηνιεῖς τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.
ἑαυτόν in many manuscripts and the Aldine and Complutensian editions.
Masoretic לא־תקם ולא־תטר את־בני עמך ואהבת לרעך כמוך אני יהוה׃ … Learn Koine Greek
Posted in OT Quotations In NT
Tagged Leviticus 19:18, Mat 19:19 ; Lev 19:18, Matthew 19:19
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Future Indicative: The Progressive Future
THE PROGRESSIVE FUTURE
(1) The Progressive Future affirms that an action will be in progress in future time.
Phil. 1:18; καὶ ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω ἀλλὰ καὶ χαρήσομαι, and therein I rejoice, yea, and will [continue to] rejoice. See also Rom. 6:2; Phil. 1:6; Rev. 9:6.
(2) It may be doubted whether any of the distinctions indicated by the subdivisions of the Predictive Future are justified from the point of view of pure grammar. It is probable, rather, that the tense in all these cases makes precisely the same affirmation respecting the event, viz, that it will take place; and that it is the context only that conveys the distinctions referred to.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Deliberative Future, Future Indicative, Gnomic Future, Imperative Future, Progressive Future, χρηματίσει
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Future Indicative: The Aoristic Future
THE AORISTIC FUTURE
The Aoristic Future conceives of an action simply as an event, and affirms that it will take place in future time. It may be indefinite, inceptive, or resultative. As indefinite it may be momentary, comprehensive, or collective. Cf. THE AORIST INDICATIVE, The Historical Aorist (2).
1 Cor. 15:51, 52; πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα πάντες δὲ ἀλλαγησόμεθα, 52 ἐν ἀτόμῳ, ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, we shall not all sleep [indefinite comprehensive]; or, we shall not all fall asleep [inceptive], but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye [indefinite momentary].
John 14:26; ἐκεῖνος ὑμᾶς διδάξει πάντα καὶ ὑπομνήσει ὑμᾶς πάντα ἃ εἶπον, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all things that I said unto you [indefinite collective].… Learn Koine Greek
Matthew 19:18 ; Exodus 20:13-16 ; Deuteronomy 5:17-20
1. Old Testament (Septuagint) quotes in the New Testament.
Matthew 19:18 ; Exodus 20:13-16 ; Deuteronomy 5:17-20
Matthew 19:18λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους ειπεν το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησει
Exodus 20:13Septuagint (LXX) οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Masoretic לא תרצח׃
Exodus 20:14Septuagint (LXX) οὐ κλέψεις. Masoretic לא תנאף׃
Exodus 20:15Septuagint (LXX) οὐ φονεύσεις. Masoretic לא תגנב׃
Exodus 20:16Septuagint (LXX) οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ. Masoretic לא־תענה ברעך עד שׁקר׃
Deuteronomy 5:17Septuagint (LXX) οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Masoretic לא תרצח
Deuteronomy 5:18Septuagint (LXX) οὐ φονεύσεις. Masoretic ולא תנאף׃
Deuteronomy 5:19Septuagint (LXX) οὐ κλέψεις.… Learn Koine Greek
Future Indicative: The Predictive Future
THE PREDICTIVE FUTURE
The Future Indicative is most frequently used to affirm that an action is to take place in future time. Since it does not mark the distinction between action in progress and action conceived of indefinitely without reference to its progress, it may be either aoristic or progressive. … Learn Koine Greek
Aorist Indicative: The Disctinction Between The Aorist And The Imperfect
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE AORIST AND THE IMPERFECT
(1) The difference between an Historical Aorist and an Imperfect of action in progress or repeated being one not of the nature of the fact but of the speaker’s conception of the fact, it is evident that the same fact may be expressed by either tense or by both. This is illustrated in Mark 12:41 and 44, where, with strict appropriateness in both cases, Mark writes in v. 41, πολλοὶ πλούσιοι ἔβαλλον πολλά, and in v. 44 records Jesus as stating the same fact in the words πάντες . . . ἔβαλον. The former describes the scene in progress, the latter merely states the fact.… Learn Koine Greek
Aorist Indicative: English Equivalents Of The Greek Aorist Indicative
ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF THE GREEK AORIST INDICATIVE
(1) It should be observed that the Aorist for the Perfect and the Aorist for the Pluperfect are not variations from the normal use of the Greek Aorist. Viewed strictly from the point of view of Greek Grammar, these Aorists are simply Historical, Inceptive, or Resultative Aorists. The necessity for mentioning them arises merely from the difference between the English and the Greek idiom.
The Greek Aorist corresponds to the English simple Past (or Imperfect or Preterite, loved, heard, etc.) more nearly than to any other English tense. But it is not the precise equivalent of the English Past; nor is the Greek Perfect the precise equivalent of the English Perfect; nor the Greek Pluperfect of the English Pluperfect.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in Grammar
Tagged ἀνέγνωτε, ἐβασίλευσας, ἐγένεσθε, ἔζησεν, Εἴδομεν, ἐκάθισαν, ἔμαθον, ἐπλουτήσατε, εὐδόκησεν, ἥμαρτον, καταβολῆς, κόσμου, κριθήσονται, νῦν, Οὐκ, πάντες, παράδοξα, πρὸ, προσεδέξατο, σήμερον
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Aorist Indicative: The Aorist For The (English) Pluperfect
THE AORIST FOR THE (ENGLISH) PLUPERFECT
(1) The Aorist Indicative is frequently used in narrative passages of a past event which precedes another past event mentioned or implied in the context. In English it is common in such a case to indicate the real order of the events by the use of a Pluperfect for the earlier event. Cf. ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF THE GREEK AORIST INDICATIVE (1),(2).
John 19:30; ὅτε οὖν ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· τετελέσται, when therefore Jesus had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished.
Matthew 14:3; Ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην ἔδησεν αὐτὸν, for Herod having laid hold on John had bound him.… Learn Koine Greek
