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Greek Lessons
- The Gift of Tongues as Known Languages: Witness of the Early Church Fathers
- From Jerusalem with Scrutiny: Fronting and Focus in Mark 7:1
- Speaking in Tongues in the Bible
- Grace Beyond Demand: Participles and Imperatives in a Kingdom Ethic
- Reverent Burial and Narrative Simplicity: A Koine and Classical Greek Comparison of Mark 6:29
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Category
Author Archives: New Testament Greek
Nouns
Nouns in Greek have three genders: (i) masculine (ii) feminine (iii) neuter… Learn Koine Greek
Greek Vowel
Vowels
There are seven vowels in Greek: (1) α (2) ε (3) η (4) ι (5) ο (6) υ (7) ω
Of these ε and ο are always short, and take about half the time to pronounce as η and ω, which are always long.
A diphthong combines two vowels in one syllable. The second vowel is or ι or υ. The diphthongs are αι, ει, αυ, ευ, ου, ηυ, and, υι. ι written below the line of α, η, and ω is called iota subscript. These are improper diphthongs.… Learn Koine Greek
Use of the Interrogative Pronoun τις
The pronoun τις is sometimes put for the relative; as in Latin qui and quis, and in English, who is both relative and interrogative. Examples, (1) Where τις retains its interrogative meaning, and still must be rendered in Latin by quis or quod. E.g. Mat 20:22
Matthew 20:22 αποκριθεις δε ο ιησους ειπεν ουκ οιδατε τι αιτεισθε δυνασθε πιειν το ποτηριον ο εγω μελλω πινειν και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθηναι λεγουσιν αυτω δυναμεθα
But Jesus answered and said, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?”… Learn Koine Greek
Aramaic Style of the Greek New Testament
The national Aramaic or Hebrew element influenced Greek-writing Jewish authors of the Greek New Testament in a threefold manner: (1) It is proable that the speaker or writer quite involuntarily and unconciously rendered a phrase by his mother tounge by an accurately corresponding phrase; (2) The reading and hearing of the Old Testament in the Greek version of the Septuagint coloured the writer’s style, especially if he desired to write in a solemn and dignified manner (just as profane writers borrowed phrases from the Attic writers for a similar objects); (3) A great part of the New Testament writings (the three first Gospels and the first half of the Acts) is in all probability a direct working over of Aramaic or Hebrew materials.… Learn Koine Greek
Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis
Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis is a 5th century A.D. codex of the New Testament that is written in an uncial hand on vellum. It is designated by siglum D or 05 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 5 (von Soden). The codex contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the third epistle of John.
The codex that was written one column per page contains 406 extant parchment leaves (from perhaps an original 534) measuring 26 x 21.5 cm, with the Greek text on the left face and the Latin text on the right.… Learn Koine Greek
Nomina Sacra
English
Greek Word
Nominative (Subject)
Genitive (Possessive)
God
Θεός
ΘΣ
ΘΥ
Lord
Κύριος
ΚΣ
ΚΥ
Jesus
Ἰησοῦς
ΙΣ
ΙΥ
Christ
Χριστὸς
ΧΣ
ΧΥ
Son
Υἱός
ΥΣ
ΥΥ
Spirit
Πνεῦμα
ΠΝΑ
ΠΝΣ
Father
Πατήρ
ΠΗΡ
ΠΡΣ
Saviour
Σωτὴρ
ΣΗΡ
ΣΡΣ
Heaven/Heavens
Οὐρανὸς
ΟΥΝΟΣ
ΟΥΝΟΥ
Man
Ἄνθρωπος
ΑΝΟΣ
ΑΝΟΥ
Israel
Ἰσραὴλ
ΙΗΛ
Jerusalem
Ἱερουσαλήμ
ΙΛΗΜ
David
Δαυὶδ
ΔΑΔ
Cross
Σταυρός
ΣΤΣ
ΣΤΥ
Mother
Μήτηρ
ΜΗΡ
ΜΗΣ
Nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum) means “sacred names” in Latin. In paleography and textual criticism, it is used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek manuscripts of the Bible.… Learn Koine Greek
Indefinite Article
Greeks have no indefinite article. When they wish to designate an individual in a manner undefined, they make use of τις. This usage is fully adopted in the New Testament.… Learn Koine Greek
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus B 03 (Vaticanus Graecus 1209) is the oldest extant manuscript of the Greek Bible. The Codex has been stored in the Vatican Library since the 15th century, hence the name Codex Vaticanus. It is written on 759 leaves of vellum in uncial letters, and has been dated palaeographically to circa 325–350 A.D. Most lines of Vaticanus contain only 15-18 letters of text.
Codex Vaticanus originally contained a virtually complete copy of the Septuagint, lacking only 1-4 Maccabees and the Prayer of Manasseh. The original 20 leaves with the Genesis 1:1–46:28a (31 leaves), and Psalm 105:27–137:6b, have been lost and were transcribed by a later hand in the 15th century.… Learn Koine Greek
Introduction To The New Testament Greek
The character of New Testament diction, although it is pretty definitely marked, was for a long mistaken, or was imperfectly and partially understood by biblical philologists. The reason for this was, the want of acquantaince with the character of the Greek language in its later periods, joined with polemical considerations, which always render men of clear understanding in respect to other things, slow to discern what is correct in respect to a controverted subject.
From the time of Henry Stephens (1576) down to the middle of the past century, two parties existed among the interpreters of the New Testament; the one of which laboured to shew, that the diction of the New Testament is in all respects conformed to the style of the Greek (Attic) writers; while the other maintained, on the contrary, and supposed themselves able to prove from every verse, that the style was altogether mixed with Hebraisms, and came very far short of the ancient classic Greek, in respect to purity.… Learn Koine Greek
αἴνεσις
αἴνεσις: (1) praise, (2) a thank offering
Part of Speech: noun feminine
Latin: laus
Syriac: ܫܒܚ
Hebrews 13:15δι αυτου ουν αναφερωμεν θυσιαν αινεσεως διαπαντος τω θεω τουτεστιν καρπον χειλεων ομολογουντων τω ονοματι αυτου
KJV By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name.
Vulgate per ipsum ergo offeramus hostiam laudis semper Deo id est fructum labiorum confitentium nomini eius
Peshitta ܘܒ݂ܺܐܝܕ݂ܶܗ ܢܰܣܶܩ ܕ݁ܶܒ݂ܚܶܐ ܕ݁ܬ݂ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ ܒ݁ܟ݂ܽܠܙܒ݂ܰܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܕ݁ܺܐܝܬ݂ܶܝܗ ܦ݁ܺܐܪܶܐ ܕ݁ܣܶܦ݂ܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܡܰܘܕ݁ܝܳܢ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ܂
ובאידה נסק דבחא דתשבוחתא בכלזבן לאלהא דאיתיה פארא דספותא דמודין לשמה܂… Learn Koine Greek
