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Greek Lessons
- Measuring the Unmeasured: Sacred Distance and Prophetic Syntax in Revelation 11:2
- When the Teacher Moves On: The Rhythm of Instruction and Mission
- Stones in Their Hands: The Escalation of Hostility in the Presence of Truth
- When Heaven Draws Near: Cornelius and the Intersection of Prayer, Fasting, and Revelation
- Providence in the Smallest Places: Seeing the Father in the Fall of a Sparrow
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Category
Author Archives: New Testament Greek
Hebrew-Aramaean Complexion of The New Testament Diction
The popular Greek dialect was not spoken and written by the Jews, without some intermixtures of a foreign kind. Particularly did they intermix many idioms and the general complexions of their vernacular language. Hence arose a Judaizing Greek dialect; which was in some good measure unintelligible to the native Greeks, and became an object of their contempt. All the idioms of the vernacular language of the Jews, which have been transferred to the Septuagint and the New Testament, have been ranked under the appellation of Hebraisms; to which however, many phrases have been assigned; that more properly should be named Aramaeisms, or which belonged to the popular Greek.… Learn Koine Greek
Greek Lexicon
The word “lexicon” derives from the Greek “λεξικόν” (lexicon), neut. of “λεξικός” (lexikos), “of or for words”, from “λέξις” (lexis), “speech”, “word”, and that from “λέγω” (lego), “to say”, “to speak”.
Which New Testament Greek Lexicon to buy?(1) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd Edition
Frederick William Danker’s edition of Walter Bauer’s Grieschisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch will be an indispensable guide for Biblical and classical scholars, ministers, seminarians, and translators. It is described as an “invaluable reference work” (Classical Philology) and “a tool indispensable for the study of early Christian literature” (Religious Studies Review) in its previous edition, this new updated American edition of Walter Bauer’s Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments builds on its predecessor’s staggering deposit of extraordinary erudition relating to Greek literature from all periods.… Learn Koine Greek
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged Frederick William Danker, Greek lexicon, Joseph Thayer, lexicon, λέγω, λεξικόν, λεξικός, λέξις
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Declension of Nouns
There are three declension of nouns i.e general forms of inflection. (1) The first declension belong to all whose stems end in α (2) The second declension belong to all whose stems end in ο (3) The third declension belong to all whose stems end in other than
The first and second declensions are parisyllabic, i.e. the terminations are blended with the stem-vowel in one syllable. The third declension is imparisyllable, i.e the termination of most of the cases forms an additional sylable to the stems.
First DeclensionFeminines, in the nominative case, exhibit the simple stem, excepting that in cetain cases the alpha is lengthened into η.… Learn Koine Greek
Greek Verb “To be”
The conjugation of verb to be in the indicative mood
Present Singular Plural ειμι I am εσμεν We are ει You are εστε You are εστι(ιν) he (she, or it) is εισι(ν) They are Past Singular Plural ην I was ημεν We were ησ (or ησθα) You was ητε You were ην he (she or it) was ησαν They were Future Singular Plural εσομαι I shall be εσομεθα We shall be εση You shall be εσεσθε You shall be εσται he (she or it) shall be εσονται They shall beAll verbs has the personal endings like ει-μι, εσ-σι, εσ-τι. … Learn Koine Greek
Greek Definite Article
The definite article is employed in combination with nouns, and is declined in gender, number, and case, to correspond with them. The Greek article is the same form as the demonstrative ο, η, το. The Greek article must be in the gender, number and case of the noun to which it belongs, according to the rule. “Adjectives, participles, and pronouns must agree with their substantives in gender, number and case.” (Second concord)
The article is often found with abstract nouns when regarded as separate objects of thought.
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ο η το Genitive του τησ του Dative τω τη τω Accusative τον την τοPlural Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οι αι τα Genitive των των των Dative τοις ταις τοις Accusative τους τας τα
There is no indefinite article in Greek, but its place is often supplied by the indefinite pronoun (any, a certain).… Learn Koine Greek
The Cases (Πτοσεις)
There are five cases in New Testament Greek that you should remember by heart: (1) nominative (case of the subject) (2) genitive (or possessive) (3) dative (conjunctive) (4) accusative (case of the object) (5) vocative (used in direct address).
Τhe nominative is the case of the subject. “A verb must agree with nominative case in number and person” (The first Concord). Nouns are of the third person.
When the subject is a personal pronoun, it is implied in the form of the verb, and is not separately expressed unless emphatic. In the third person singular, the omitted subject will be he, she, or it, and is to be learned from the connexion.… Learn Koine Greek
Nouns
Nouns in Greek have three genders: (i) masculine (ii) feminine (iii) neuter… Learn Koine Greek
Greek Vowel
Vowels
There are seven vowels in Greek: (1) α (2) ε (3) η (4) ι (5) ο (6) υ (7) ω
Of these ε and ο are always short, and take about half the time to pronounce as η and ω, which are always long.
A diphthong combines two vowels in one syllable. The second vowel is or ι or υ. The diphthongs are αι, ει, αυ, ευ, ου, ηυ, and, υι. ι written below the line of α, η, and ω is called iota subscript. These are improper diphthongs.… Learn Koine Greek
Use of the Interrogative Pronoun τις
The pronoun τις is sometimes put for the relative; as in Latin qui and quis, and in English, who is both relative and interrogative. Examples, (1) Where τις retains its interrogative meaning, and still must be rendered in Latin by quis or quod. E.g. Mat 20:22
Matthew 20:22 αποκριθεις δε ο ιησους ειπεν ουκ οιδατε τι αιτεισθε δυνασθε πιειν το ποτηριον ο εγω μελλω πινειν και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθηναι λεγουσιν αυτω δυναμεθα
But Jesus answered and said, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?”… Learn Koine Greek
Aramaic Style of the Greek New Testament
The national Aramaic or Hebrew element influenced Greek-writing Jewish authors of the Greek New Testament in a threefold manner: (1) It is proable that the speaker or writer quite involuntarily and unconciously rendered a phrase by his mother tounge by an accurately corresponding phrase; (2) The reading and hearing of the Old Testament in the Greek version of the Septuagint coloured the writer’s style, especially if he desired to write in a solemn and dignified manner (just as profane writers borrowed phrases from the Attic writers for a similar objects); (3) A great part of the New Testament writings (the three first Gospels and the first half of the Acts) is in all probability a direct working over of Aramaic or Hebrew materials.… Learn Koine Greek
