Category Archives: Vocabulary

Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament

Frequently Used Words in the New Testament

Posted on May 11, 2012 by New Testament Greek

Mastering the most frequently used words in the Greek New Testament is essential for developing fluency and deepening comprehension, as these words form the structural and theological backbone of the text. High-frequency terms include function words like καί (“and”), ὁ/ἡ/τό (“the”), and δέ (“but”), which guide syntax and logical flow, as well as content words like λέγω (“I say”), θεός (“God”), and Ἰησοῦς (“Jesus”), which carry narrative and doctrinal weight. These words appear thousands of times—καί alone over 9,000 times—making them indispensable for reading without constant reference to a lexicon. Efficient memorization strategies include using flashcards, focusing on frequency lists, and reading in context.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἱρέομαι ; αἵρειν

Posted on November 16, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἱρέομαι; αἵρειν : (1) to take for oneself, to prefer, choose (2) to choose by vote, elect to office

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: (1) tollere (2) ferre

Syriac:

Matthew 4:6

και λεγει αυτω ει υιος ει του θεου βαλε σεαυτον κατω γεγραπται γαρ οτι τοις αγγελοις αυτου εντελειται περι σου και επι χειρων αρουσιν σε μηποτε προσκοψης προς λιθον τον ποδα σου

KJV And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἶνος

Posted on November 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἶνος: (1) a saying, proverb (2) praise, laudatory discourse

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Latin: laus

Syriac: ܫܒܚ (praise, laud, glory)

Matthew 21:16

και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον

KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?

Vulgate et dixerunt ei audis quid isti dicant Iesus autem dicit eis utique numquam legistis quia ex ore infantium et lactantium perfecisti laudem

Peshitta ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ ܡܳܢܳܐ ܐܳܡܪܺܝܢ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܐܳܡܰܪ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܐܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܡܬ݂ܽܘܡ ܠܳܐ ܩܪܰܝܬ݁ܽܘܢ ܕ݁ܡܶܢ ܦ݁ܽܘܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܛܠܳܝܶܐ ܘܰܕ݂ܝܰܠܽܘܕ݂ܶܐ ܬ݁ܰܩܶܢܬ݁ ܬ݁ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ܂

ואמרין לה שמע אנת מנא אמרין הלין אמר להון ישוע אין מן מתום לא קריתון דמן פומא דטליא ודילודא תקנת תשבוחתא܂

Luke 18:43

και παραχρημα ανεβλεψεν και ηκολουθει αυτω δοξαζων τον θεον και πας ο λαος ιδων εδωκεν αινον τω θεω

KJV And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, glorifying God: and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise unto God.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἴνιγμα

Posted on November 10, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἴνιγμα: (1) an obscure saying, enigma, riddle (2) an obscure thing

Part of Speech: noun neuter

Latin: aenigma

Syriac: ܦܠܐܬܐ (parable, figure, similitude, comparison)

1 Corinthians 13:12

βλεπομεν γαρ αρτι δι εσοπτρου εν αινιγματι τοτε δε προσωπον προς προσωπον αρτι γινωσκω εκ μερους τοτε δε επιγνωσομαι καθως και επεγνωσθην

KJV For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

Vulgate videmus nunc per speculum in enigmate tunc autem facie ad faciem nunc cognosco ex parte tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum

Peshitta ܗܳܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܕ݁ܰܒ݂ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܚܳܙܶܝܢܰܢ ܒ݁ܦ݂ܶܠܶܐܬ݂ܳܐ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܽܘܩܒ݂ܰܠ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܝܳܕ݂ܰܥ ܐ݈ܢܳܐ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܶܕ݁ܰܥ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܶܐܬ݂ܝܰܕ݂ܥܶܬ݂܂

השא איך דבמחזיתא חזינן בפלאתא הידין דין אפין לוקבל אפין השא ידע אנא קליל מן סגי הידין דין אדע איך מא דאתידעת܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν

Posted on November 8, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν: (1) to praise, extol, to sing praises in honour to God (2) to allow, recommend (3) to promise or vow

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: (1) laudare (2) collaudare (3) laudem dicere

Syriac: (1) ܫܒܚ (glorify, praise) (2) ܗܠ (praise)

Luke 2:13

και εξαιφνης εγενετο συν τω αγγελω πληθος στρατιας ουρανιου αινουντων τον θεον και λεγοντων

KJV And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

Vulgate et subito facta est cum angelo multitudo militiae caelestis laudantium Deum et dicentium

Peshitta ܘܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝ ܐܶܬ݂ܚܙܺܝܘ ܥܰܡ ܡܰܠܰܐܟ݂ܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܰܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝܶܐܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܟ݁ܰܕ݂ ܡܫܰܒ݁ܚܺܝܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ܂

ומן שלי אתחזיו עם מלאכא חילותא סגיאא דשמיא כד משבחין לאלהא ואמרין

Luke 2:20

και επεστρεψαν οι ποιμενες δοξαζοντες και αινουντες τον θεον επι πασιν οις ηκουσαν και ειδον καθως ελαληθη προς αυτους

KJV And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.… Learn Koine Greek

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Greek Lexicon

Posted on February 16, 2011 by New Testament Greek

The word “lexicon” derives from the Greek “λεξικόν” (lexicon), neut. of “λεξικός” (lexikos), “of or for words”, from “λέξις” (lexis), “speech”, “word”, and that from “λέγω” (lego), “to say”, “to speak”.

Which New Testament Greek Lexicon to buy?

(1) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd Edition

Frederick William Danker’s edition of Walter Bauer’s Grieschisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch will be an indispensable guide for Biblical and classical scholars, ministers, seminarians, and translators. It is described as an “invaluable reference work” (Classical Philology) and “a tool indispensable for the study of early Christian literature” (Religious Studies Review) in its previous edition, this new updated American edition of Walter Bauer’s Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments builds on its predecessor’s staggering deposit of extraordinary erudition relating to Greek literature from all periods.… Learn Koine Greek

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Nomina Sacra

Posted on February 9, 2011 by New Testament Greek
English Greek Word Nominative (Subject) Genitive (Possessive) God Θεός ΘΣ ΘΥ Lord Κύριος ΚΣ ΚΥ Jesus Ἰησοῦς ΙΣ ΙΥ Christ Χριστὸς ΧΣ ΧΥ Son Υἱός ΥΣ ΥΥ Spirit Πνεῦμα ΠΝΑ ΠΝΣ Father Πατήρ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΣ Saviour Σωτὴρ ΣΗΡ ΣΡΣ Heaven/Heavens Οὐρανὸς ΟΥΝΟΣ ΟΥΝΟΥ Man Ἄνθρωπος ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΥ Israel Ἰσραὴλ ΙΗΛ Jerusalem Ἱερουσαλήμ ΙΛΗΜ David Δαυὶδ ΔΑΔ Cross Σταυρός ΣΤΣ ΣΤΥ Mother Μήτηρ ΜΗΡ ΜΗΣ

Nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum) means “sacred names” in Latin. In paleography and textual criticism, it is used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek manuscripts of the Bible.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἴνεσις

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἴνεσις: (1) praise, (2) a thank offering

Part of Speech: noun feminine

Latin: laus

Syriac: ܫܒܚ

Hebrews 13:15

δι αυτου ουν αναφερωμεν θυσιαν αινεσεως διαπαντος τω θεω τουτεστιν καρπον χειλεων ομολογουντων τω ονοματι αυτου

KJV By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name.

Vulgate per ipsum ergo offeramus hostiam laudis semper Deo id est fructum labiorum confitentium nomini eius

Peshitta ܘܒ݂ܺܐܝܕ݂ܶܗ ܢܰܣܶܩ ܕ݁ܶܒ݂ܚܶܐ ܕ݁ܬ݂ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ ܒ݁ܟ݂ܽܠܙܒ݂ܰܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܕ݁ܺܐܝܬ݂ܶܝܗ ܦ݁ܺܐܪܶܐ ܕ݁ܣܶܦ݂ܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܡܰܘܕ݁ܝܳܢ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ܂

ובאידה נסק דבחא דתשבוחתא בכלזבן לאלהא דאיתיה פארא דספותא דמודין לשמה܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἰγιαλός

Posted on January 1, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἰγιαλός: (1) the shore of the sea, the beach

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Latin: littus, litus

Syriac: ܣܦܪܐ (beach, seaside, shore)

Matthew 13:2

και συνηχθησαν προς αυτον οχλοι πολλοι ωστε αυτον εις το πλοιον εμβαντα καθησθαι και πας ο οχλος επι τον αιγιαλον ειστηκει

KJV And great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into a ship, and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.

Vulgate et congregatae sunt ad eum turbae multae ita ut in naviculam ascendens sederet et omnis turba stabat in litore

Peshitta ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ ܠܘܬܗ ܟܢܫܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܢܣܩ ܢܬܒ ܠܗ ܒܐܠܦܐ ܘܟܠܗ ܟܢܫܐ ܩܐܡ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܣܦܪ ܝܡܐ

Matthew 13:48

ην οτε επληρωθη αναβιβασαντες επι τον αιγιαλον και καθισαντες συνελεξαν τα καλα εις αγγεια τα δε σαπρα εξω εβαλον

KJV Which, when it was full, they drew to shore, and sat down, and gathered the good into vessels, but cast the bad away.… Learn Koine Greek

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