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Greek Lessons
- As to the Lord: Voluntary Submission in Ephesians 5:22
- Silenced by Wisdom: A Greek Look at Matthew 22:22
- Test Everything, Hold Fast to the Good: Discernment in 1 Thessalonians 5:21
- Surpassing Righteousness: Grammar and Warning in Matthew 5:20
- John 1:1 Grammatical and Christological Exegesis: A Balanced Study from Arian and Nicene Perspectives
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Category
When Fear Falls First: The Narrative Sequence of Aorist Verbs
In καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ μαθηταὶ ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα (Matthew 17:6), we witness a cascade of emotional and physical reaction from the disciples as they behold the heavenly vision at the transfiguration. Study more .....
Unceasing Prayer: A Command for Constant Communion in 1 Thessalonians 5:17
ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε
In just two words, 1 Thessalonians 5:17 encapsulates a powerful call to a life immersed in prayer. The Greek construction is short but loaded with theological and spiritual depth. It emphasizes not only the frequency of prayer but its continual rhythm Study more .....
A Charge to Archippus: Faithfulness in Ministry in Colossians 4:17
καὶ εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ· βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς
Colossians 4:17 delivers a solemn and direct exhortation to Archippus, likely a leader in the local church. The Greek structure is personal Study more .....
The Lamb Will Conquer: Sovereignty and Victory in Revelation 17:14
οὗτοι μετὰ τοῦ ἀρνίου πολεμήσουσι, καὶ τὸ ἀρνίον νικήσει αὐτούς, ὅτι κύριος κυρίων ἐστὶ καὶ βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ Study more .....
Δὲ καὶ differs from καὶ δέ : A Syntactic and Semantic Investigation
Δὲ καὶ differs from καὶ δέ. In the latter, καὶ connects the whole member following it with what precedes; in the former καὶ, being augmentative or exaggerative, influence only the word immediately construed with it, and δὲ shows more evidently its relative sense without any ellipsis.
(Hendrik Study more .....
Strengthened in Every Good Work: Classical and Koine Grammar in 2 Thessalonians 2:17
2 Thessalonians 2:17
παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας καὶ στηρίξαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ.
Literal Translation: to encourage your hearts and to strengthen you in every good word and deed.
1. Key Grammatical Features Study more .....
Faith Forsaken of Works: The Syntax of Spiritual Lifelessness in James 2:17
James 2:17 sits at the center of a pointed theological argument. James is countering the notion of a faith that exists apart from demonstrable obedience. From verses 14 to 26, he repeatedly contrasts professed belief with the necessity of active love. This verse crystallizes the epistle’s thesis: πίστις Study more .....
A Pattern of Good Works: Grammatical Framing and Pastoral Authority in Titus 2:7
Embodied Example: Literary and Theological Context of Titus 2:7
Titus 2:7 — περὶ πάντα σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος τύπον καλῶν ἔργων, ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, ἀδιαφθορίαν, σεμνότητα, ἀφθαρσίαν,
(“In all things Study more .....
Grammatical Evolution from Koine to Modern Greek: A Focused Analysis of Matthew 17:22
1. Verse Reference : Matthew 17:22
Ἀναστρεφομένων δὲ αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Μέλλει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων
Modern Study more .....
2 Thessalonians 2:16 and the Greek of Consolation and Blessing
2 Thessalonians 2:16
Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς καὶ ὁ Θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ ἡμῶν, ὁ ἀγαπήσας ἡμᾶς καὶ δοὺς παράκλησιν αἰωνίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα ἀγαθὴν ἐν χάριτι,
Literal Study more .....
Refusing to Believe: Greek Grammar in a Crisis of Witness
This verse captures a powerful moment of disbelief from the resurrection narrative, using tightly structured Greek clauses to contrast hearing with rejection: κἀκεῖνοι ἀκούσαντες ὅτι ζῇ καὶ ἐθεάθη ὑπ’ αὐτῆς, ἠπίστησαν from Mark 16:11. The Study more .....
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The Test of Trust: Interpreting Earthly Wealth in Luke 16:11
Luke 16:11 comes in the aftermath of the parable of the unjust steward (Luke 16:1–9), a notoriously challenging passage in which Jesus commends shrewdness in handling worldly wealth. The surrounding verses (10–13) form a series of sayings about faithfulness, trust, and stewardship. Verse 11 is part Study more .....
Greet Apelles and the Household of Aristobulus: Honor and Fellowship in Romans 16:10
ἀσπάσασθε Ἀπελλῆν τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ. ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου
Romans 16:10 reflects Paul's deep relational network in the early church. The greetings offered are more than formal—they honor character, affirm Study more .....
Greeting the Approved: Grammatical Warmth and Communal Recognition in Romans 16:10
Personalized Fellowship: Literary and Theological Context of Romans 16:10
Romans 16:10 — σπάσασθε Ἀπελλῆν τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ. ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου.
(“Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those Study more .....
“ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου”: Divine Passive and Relative Clause in Acts 9:17
Introduction: The One Who Appeared
Ananias says to Saul:
ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με, ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου —
“the Lord has sent me, the one who appeared to you on the road where you were going.”
This relative clause identifies who sent Study more .....
“ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου”: Coordinated Subjunctives of Purpose in Acts 9:17
Introduction: Healing and Filling on the Damascus Road
In Acts 9:17, Ananias speaks to Saul (later Paul) with words full of meaning and divine intention:
ὁ κύριος… ἀπέσταλκέ με… ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου.
This clause, Study more .....
“ἀπέσταλκέ με”: Perfect Commissioning in Acts 9:17
Introduction: Sent by the Risen Lord
When Ananias speaks to Saul, he declares:
ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με —
“the Lord has sent me.”
This short clause is rich with apostolic significance. The use of the perfect tense in ἀπέσταλκε emphasizes not just the moment of sending, Study more .....
An Open Door and Many Opponents: Tension in the Grammar of Opportunity
In this striking verse, Paul describes both opportunity and opposition in one breath: θύρα γάρ μοι ἀνέῳγε μεγάλη καὶ ἐνεργής, καὶ ἀντικείμενοι πολλοί from 1 Corinthians 16:9. Greek grammar reinforces the tension: a perfect verb reveals Study more .....
Mark 13:9 and the Greek of Warning and Witness
Mark 13:9
Βλέπετε δὲ ὑμεῖς ἑαυτούς. παραδώσουσι γὰρ ὑμᾶς εἰς συνέδρια καὶ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν δαρήσεσθε, καὶ ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνων καὶ βασιλέων σταθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from Romans 8:16
Romans 8:16
αὐτὸ τὸ Πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν ὅτι ἐσμὲν τέκνα Θεοῦ.
Focus Topic: Dative of Association and Content Clause with ὅτι
This verse presents a profound theological truth through syntactical precision. It features Study more .....
