The More It Spread: Greek Grammar and the Rising Fame of the Healer

Posted on May 15, 2025 by New Testament Greek

This verse from the Gospel of Luke captures the growing fame of Jesus and the response of the people using intensifying adverbs, imperfect verbs, and purpose-driven infinitives. The full verse reads: διήρχετο δὲ μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ συνήρχοντο ὄχλοι πολλοὶ ἀκούειν καὶ θεραπεύεσθαι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀσθενειῶν αὐτῶν from Luke 5:15. The Greek grammar expresses not just what happened, but how it spread — both linguistically and geographically — and why the crowds came.

The Greek Text in Focus

διήρχετο δὲ μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ συνήρχοντο ὄχλοι πολλοὶ ἀκούειν καὶ θεραπεύεσθαι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀσθενειῶν αὐτῶν (Luke 5:15)

“But the report about him was spreading all the more, and large crowds were gathering to hear and to be healed by him from their diseases.”… Learn Koine Greek

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You Are the Light: Visibility and Vocation in Matthew 5:14

Posted on May 14, 2025 by New Testament Greek

Matthew 5:14 is part of the Sermon on the Mount, immediately following the Beatitudes. In verses 13–16, Jesus uses metaphors to describe the disciples’ role in the world. After calling them the “salt of the earth,” he declares: “You are the light of the world.” This verse introduces the imagery of illumination, mission, and public witness. The second clause — about a city on a hill — intensifies the theme of visibility and influence.

Structural Analysis

Ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου. οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη·

The verse contains two clauses: (1) a direct identification — “You are the light of the world” — with emphatic placement of ὑμεῖς, and (2) a proverbial truth — “A city set on a hill cannot be hidden” — illustrating the inescapable visibility of such light.… Learn Koine Greek

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Before the Law: The Logic of Sin in Romans 5:13

Posted on May 13, 2025 by New Testament Greek

Romans 5:13 belongs to Paul’s broader argument in Romans 5:12–21, where he contrasts Adam and Christ. Verse 12 declares that sin entered the world through one man and death through sin. Verse 13 qualifies this claim by addressing the time before the Mosaic Law. Paul’s aim is to show that sin was a universal reality even before the Torah — thereby underscoring the necessity of Christ’s redemptive work.

Structural Analysis

ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ, ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται μὴ ὄντος νόμου·

The verse divides into two antithetical clauses: (1) an affirmation — “Sin was in the world until the Law”, and (2) a paradoxical negation — “but sin is not counted when there is no Law.”… Learn Koine Greek

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The Optative Mood and Supplication: A Grammar of Hope in Luke 5:12

Posted on May 12, 2025 by New Testament Greek
Text in Focus: Luke 5:12

Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πόλεων, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ πλήρης λέπρας· καὶ ἰδὼν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐδεήθη αὐτοῦ λέγων· κύριε, ἐὰν θέλῃς, δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.

Literal Translation

And it happened while He was in one of the cities, behold, a man full of leprosy; and seeing Jesus, he fell on his face and begged Him, saying, “Lord, if You are willing, You are able to cleanse me.”

The Grammar of Possibility and Will: Exploring δύνασαί and ἐὰν θέλῃς

This passage from Luke is a rich tapestry of grammatical nuances, but one thread stands out: the use of subjunctive and indicative mood in a context of supplication, where in Classical Greek we might expect an optative mood.… Learn Koine Greek

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Subjunctive Chains in Koine Greek: Coordinated Volition and Unfolding Persecution in Matthew 5:11

Posted on May 11, 2025 by New Testament Greek
Text in Focus: Matthew 5:11

μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσιν καὶ εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν καθ’ ὑμῶν ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ·

Literal Translation

Blessed are you when they insult you, and persecute you, and say every evil thing against you, falsely, on account of Me.

The Power of Coordinated Subjunctives

This Beatitude from the Sermon on the Mount is a prime example of subjunctive chaining — a series of aorist subjunctive verbs joined by conjunctions, expressing future potential scenarios unified by a single temporal cue: ὅταν (“whenever” or “when”).

This construction emphasizes patterned persecution, unfolding in coordinated steps, all introduced under the umbrella of a conditional time marker.… Learn Koine Greek

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Before the Judgment Seat: Greek Grammar in Eschatological Clarity

Posted on May 10, 2025 by New Testament Greek

In this sobering verse, Paul lays out the universality and purpose of final judgment using precise Greek constructions: τοὺς γὰρ πάντας ἡμᾶς φανερωθῆναι δεῖ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα κομίσηται ἕκαστος τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν from 2 Corinthians 5:10. This passage contains an impersonal verb of necessity, a subjunctive purpose clause, and an aorist indicative of past action — all working together to portray divine judgment as inevitable, personal, and righteous.

The Greek Text in Focus

τοὺς γὰρ πάντας ἡμᾶς φανερωθῆναι δεῖ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα κομίσηται ἕκαστος τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν (2 Corinthians 5:10)

“For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive the things done through the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.”… Learn Koine Greek

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Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Divine Sonship and Reconciliation in Matthew 5:9

Posted on May 9, 2025 by New Testament Greek

Matthew 5:9 is the seventh of the Beatitudes that open the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:3–12). These declarations of blessing set the ethical and spiritual tone for Jesus’ teaching, describing the character of those who belong to the kingdom of heaven. In this verse, Jesus praises not passive peace-lovers but active peace-makers. The promise attached — that they will be called “sons of God” — is profound both theologically and eschatologically.

Structural Analysis

μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί, ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται.

The verse follows the typical Beatitude structure: μακάριοι (“blessed”) introduces the group, followed by the reason ὅτι… (“because…”). The nominative plural subject οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί is marked for emphasis.… Learn Koine Greek

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Worse Than an Unbeliever: Conditional Grammar and Denied Faith

Posted on May 8, 2025 by New Testament Greek

This verse delivers one of the strongest rebukes in the Pastoral Epistles, using a conditional sentence and comparative structure to express the moral gravity of neglecting one’s family: εἰ δέ τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα τῶν οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ, τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων from 1 Timothy 5:8. The grammar is forceful and deliberate, linking provision with faith, and contrasting the believer’s failure with even the moral baseline of the unbeliever.

The Greek Text in Focus

εἰ δέ τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα τῶν οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ, τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων (1 Timothy 5:8)

“But if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for those of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.”… Learn Koine Greek

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When Darkness Cries Out: The Fear of Holiness in Mark 5:7

Posted on May 7, 2025 by New Testament Greek

Mark 5:7 occurs in the account of Jesus’ confrontation with the Gerasene demoniac — a man possessed by a legion of unclean spirits (Mark 5:1–20). After running to Jesus and falling before Him, the possessed man (or rather the spirit within him) speaks. This verse captures the moment of spiritual tension where evil recognizes divine authority and recoils. It is a rare moment in the Gospels when a demon articulates theology with unsettling clarity.

Structural Analysis

καὶ κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγει· τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ, υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου; ὁρκίζω σε τὸν Θεόν, μή με βασανίσῃς.

The verse contains three coordinated parts: (1) the possessed man’s scream and speech introduction, (2) a rhetorical question expressing dread and distance, and (3) a solemn adjuration begging Jesus not to torment him.… Learn Koine Greek

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Nets at the Breaking Point: Obedience and Overflow in Luke 5:6

Posted on May 6, 2025 by New Testament Greek

Luke 5:6 belongs to the account of the miraculous catch of fish — a pivotal moment in Jesus’ early Galilean ministry. After teaching from Simon’s boat, Jesus instructs him to let down the nets. Though the disciples had caught nothing all night, they obey — and the result is overwhelming. This verse describes the moment of divine abundance. It precedes Peter’s confession of unworthiness (v. 8) and the call to discipleship (v. 10). Thus, Luke 5:6 bridges the mundane world of labor with the inbreaking power of the kingdom.

Structural Analysis

καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσαντες συνέκλεισαν πλῆθος ἰχθύων πολύ· διερρήγνυτο δὲ τὸ δίκτυον αὐτῶν.… Learn Koine Greek

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