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Greek Lessons
- Money into Perdition: Optatives, Infinitives, and the Value of the Gift
- Following the Teacher: Aorist Participles, Future Intentions, and Conditional Clauses
- Two Witnesses: Pronouns, Participles, and Present Tense in John 8:18
- Blind Minds and Hardened Hearts: Koine Simplicity versus Classical Subtlety
- The Witness Within: Spirit and Identity in Paul’s Koine Expression
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Category
Category Archives: Vocabulary
ἀδελφός
ἀδελφός: (1) a brother, whether born of the same two parents or only of the same father or mother (2) having the same national ancestor, belonging to the same people, or countryman (3) any fellow or man (4) a fellow believer, united to another by the bond of affection (5) an associate in employment or office (6) brethren in Christ (a) his brothers by blood (b) all men (c) apostles (d) Christians, as those who are exalted to the same heavenly place
Part of Speech: noun masculine
Latin: frater
Syriac: ܐܚܐ
Matthew 12:46ετι δε αυτου λαλουντος τοις οχλοις ιδου η μητηρ και οι αδελφοι αυτου ειστηκεισαν εξω ζητουντες αυτω λαλησαι
KJV While he yet talked to the people, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without, desiring to speak with him.… Learn Koine Greek
ἀδελφή
ἀδελφή: (1) a full, own sister (2) one connected by the tie of the Christian religion
Part of Speech: noun feminine
Latin: soror (a) sorores germanae (b) animo fideque coniunctae
Syriac: ܐܚܐ
Matthew 13:56και αι αδελφαι αυτου ουχι πασαι προς ημας εισιν ποθεν ουν τουτω ταυτα παντα
KJV And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?
Vulgate et sorores eius nonne omnes apud nos sunt unde ergo huic omnia ista
Peshitta ܘܰܐܚܘܳܬ݂ܶܗ ܟ݁ܽܠܗܶܝܢ ܠܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܠܘܳܬ݂ܰܢ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܐܰܝܡܶܟ݁ܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܗܳܟ݂ܺܝܠ ܠܗܳܢܳܐ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܟ݁ܽܠܗܶܝܢ܂
ואחותה כלהין לא הא לותן אנין אימכא לה הכיל להנא הלין כלהין܂
Matthew 19:29και πας ος αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η γυναικα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του ονοματος μου εκατονταπλασιονα ληψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει
KJV And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name’s sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life.… Learn Koine Greek
ἀδάπανος
ἀδάπανος: (1) without expense, (2) requiring no outlay, (3) costing nothing
Part of Speech: adjective
This word is not found in the Septuagint.
Latin: sine sumptu
Syriac: ܠܐ ܢܦܩ (no expense, no cost, no payment, no outlay)
1 Corinthians 9:18τις ουν μοι εστιν ο μισθος ινα ευαγγελιζομενος αδαπανον θησω το ευαγγελιον του χριστου εις το μη καταχρησασθαι τη εξουσια μου εν τω ευαγγελιω
KJV What is my reward then? Verily that, when I preach the gospel, I may make the gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my power in the gospel.
NIV What then is my reward?… Learn Koine Greek
ἀγωνίζομαι, ἀγωνίζεσθαι
ἀγωνίζομαι, ἀγωνίζεσθαι: (1) to enter a contest: contend in the gymnastic games (2) to contend with adversaries, fight (3) metaphorically to contend, struggle, with difficulties and dangers (4) to endeavour with strenuous zeal, strive: to obtain something
Part of Speech: verb
Latin: (1) certare (2) contendere (3) decertare (4) solicitus (participle)
Syriac: (1) ܟܬܫ , verb (strive; fight; endeavor; strike)
(2) ܐܓܘܢܐ , noun (contest; conflict)
(3) ܥܡܠ, verb (labour, toil, trouble)
Luke 13:24αγωνιζεσθε εισελθειν δια της στενης πυλης οτι πολλοι λεγω υμιν ζητησουσιν εισελθειν και ουκ ισχυσουσιν
KJV Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able.… Learn Koine Greek
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Tagged certare, contendere, decertare, solicitus, ἀγωνίζεσθαι, ἀγωνίζομαι, ܟܬܫ
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ἀγωνία
ἀγωνία: (1) a struggle for victory (a) gymnastic exercise, wrestling (2) of severe mental struggles and emotions, agony, anguish
Part of Speech: noun feminine
Latin: agonia
Syriac: ܕܚܠ (fear, terror, awe)
Luke 22:44και γενομενος εν αγωνια εκτενεστερον προσηυχετο εγενετο δε ο ιδρως αυτου ωσει θρομβοι αιματος καταβαινοντες επι την γην
KJV And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
Vulgate et factus in agonia prolixius orabat et factus est sudor eius sicut guttae sanguinis decurrentis in terram
Peshitta ܘܟ݂ܰܕ݂ ܗܘܳܐ ܒ݁ܕ݂ܶܚܠܬ݂ܳܐ ܬ݁ܟ݂ܺܝܒ݂ܳܐܝܺܬ݂ ܡܨܰܠܶܐ ܗ݈ܘܳܐ ܘܰܗܘܳܬ݂ ܕ݁ܽܘܥܬ݁ܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܫܶܠܬ݂ܶܐ ܕ݁ܰܕ݂ܡܳܐ ܘܰܢܦ݂ܰܠ ܥܰܠ ܐܰܪܥܳܐ܂
וכד הוא בדחלתא תכיבאית מצלא הוא והות דועתה איך שלתא דדמא ונפל על ארעא܂ … Learn Koine Greek
ἀγών
ἀγών: (1) an assembly (a) a place of assembly: especially an assembly met to see games (b) the place of contest, the arena or stadium (2) the assembly of the Greeks at their national games (a) hence the contest for a prize at their games (b) generally, any struggle or contest (c) a battle (d) an action at law, trial
Part of Speech: noun masculine
Latin: (1) certamen (2) solicitudo
Syriac: ܐܓܘܢܐ (conflict, contest, agony, struggle)
Philippians 1:30τον αυτον αγωνα εχοντες οιον ειδετε εν εμοι και νυν ακουετε εν εμοι
KJV Having the same conflict which ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me.… Learn Koine Greek
ἀγωγή
ἀγωγή: (1) a leading (2) metaphorically: conduct (a) a conducting, training, education, discipline (b) the life led, way or course of life
Part of Speech: noun feminine
Latin: institutio
Syriac: ܕܒܪ (manner, custom, habit, conduct)
2 Timothy 3:10συ δε παρηκολουθηκας μου τη διδασκαλια τη αγωγη τη προθεσει τη πιστει τη μακροθυμια τη αγαπη τη υπομονη
KJV But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience,
NIV You, however, know all about my teaching, my way of life, my purpose, faith, patience, love, endurance,
Vulgate tu autem adsecutus es meam doctrinam institutionem propositum fidem longanimitatem dilectionem patientiam
Peshitta ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܶܬ݂ܰܝܬ݁ ܒ݁ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܝܽܘܠܦ݁ܳܢܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܕ݁ܽܘܒ݁ܳܪܰܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܨܶܒ݂ܝܳܢܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܗܰܝܡܳܢܽܘܬ݂ܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܢܰܓ݁ܺܝܪܽܘܬ݂ ܪܽܘܚܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܚܽܘܒ݁ܝ ܘܒ݂ܳܬ݂ܰܪ ܡܣܰܝܒ݁ܪܳܢܽܘܬ݂ܝ܂
אנת דין אתית בתר יולפני ובתר דוברי ובתר צביני ובתר הימנותי ובתר נגירות רוחי ובתר חובי ובתר מסיברנותי܂… Learn Koine Greek
ἄγω
ἄγω: (1) to lead, take with one (a) to lead by laying hold of, and this way to bring to the point of destination: of an animal (b) to lead by accompanying to (into) a place (c) to lead with one’s self, attach to one’s self as an attendant (d) to conduct, bring (e) to lead away, to a court of justice, magistrate, etc. (2) to lead (a) to lead, guide, direct (b) to lead through, conduct to: to something (c) to move, impel: of forces and influences on the mind (3) to pass a day, keep or celebrate a feast, etc.… Learn Koine Greek
ἀγρυπνία, ἀγρυπνίαι
ἀγρυπνία, ἀγρυπνίαι: (1) sleeplessness, (2) watching
Part of Speech: noun feminine
Latin: vigiliae
Syriac: ܫܗܪ (watching, vigilance, wakefulness)
2 Corinthians 6:5εν πληγαις εν φυλακαις εν ακαταστασιαις εν κοποις εν αγρυπνιαις εν νηστειαις
KJV In stripes, in imprisonments, in tumults, in labours, in watchings, in fastings;
NIV in beatings, imprisonments and riots; in hard work, sleepless nights and hunger;
Vulgate in plagis in carceribus in seditionibus in laboribus in vigiliis in ieiuniis
Peshitta ܒ݁ܢܶܓ݂ܕ݁ܶܐ ܒ݁ܰܐܣܽܘܪܶܐ ܒ݁ܰܫܓ݂ܽܘܫܝܶܐ ܒ݁ܠܶܐܘܽܬ݂ܳܐ ܒ݁ܫܰܗܪܳܐ ܒ݁ܨܰܘܡܳܐ܂
בנגדא באסורא בשגושיא בלאותא בשהרא בצומא܂ … Learn Koine Greek
ἀγρυπνέω, ἀγρυπνειν
ἀγρυπνέω, ἀγρυπνειν: (1) to be sleepless, keep awake, watch (2) to be circumspect, attentive, ready
Part of Speech: verb
Latin: (1) vigilare (2) pervigilare
Syriac: (1) ܥܪ (watch, awake, wake up, arouse)
(2) ܫܗܪ (watch)
Mark 13:33βλεπετε αγρυπνειτε και προσευχεσθε ουκ οιδατε γαρ ποτε ο καιρος εστιν
KJV Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is.
Vulgate videte vigilate et orate nescitis enim quando tempus sit
Syriac: ܚܙܰܘ ܐܶܬ݁ܬ݁ܥܺܝܪܘ ܘܨܰܠܰܘ ܠܳܐ ܓ݁ܶܝܪ ܝܳܕ݂ܥܺܝܢ ܐܢ݈ܬ݁ܽܘܢ ܐܶܡܰܬ݂ܝ ܗ݈ܽܘ ܙܰܒ݂ܢܳܐ܂
חזו אתתעירו וצלו לא גיר ידעין אנתון אמתי הו זבנא܂
Luke 21:36αγρυπνειτε ουν εν παντι καιρω δεομενοι ινα καταξιωθητε εκφυγειν ταυτα παντα τα μελλοντα γινεσθαι και σταθηναι εμπροσθεν του υιου του ανθρωπου
KJV Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man.… Learn Koine Greek
