New Testament Greek

ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς· τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου. (1 Timothy 4:16) Fidelity in Doctrine and Discipline

This exhortation from Paul to Timothy delivers a profound charge through a string of imperatives and participles. The grammatical structure unites self-discipline and sound doctrine into one saving path—both for the teacher and the hearers. Let us trace the syntax of spiritual vigilance and pedagogical persistence.

Analyzing the Syntax and Commands Greek Phrase Grammatical Role Comment ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 2nd person singular present active imperative + datives “Pay attention to yourself and to the teaching”—parallel datives indicate dual focus ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς 2nd person singular present active imperative + dative “Persevere in them”—referring back to the two datives: lifestyle and doctrine τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν Present active participle + neuter demonstrative “For doing this”—summarizing the entire instruction καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις Future active indicative + reflexive pronoun “You will save yourself”—emphasizing individual accountability καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου Articular participle + possessive pronoun “And those listening to you”—impact extends beyond self to community Key Observations Dual Dative: The structure σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ links ethics and theology, behavior and belief—suggesting both are essential for true leadership.… Learn Koine Greek