Comparative Greek Analysis: Acts 11:11 in Koine vs. Classical Greek

Posted on November 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek
Original Text (Acts 11:11)

Καὶ ἰδοὺ εὐθέως τρεῖς ἄνδρες ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν, ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ Καισαρείας πρός με.

Literal English Translation

And behold, immediately three men stood near the house in which we were, having been sent from Caesarea to me.

Grammar and Syntax Analysis (Koine Greek) Καὶ ἰδοὺ – A vivid narrative marker common in Koine Greek, often used in the Gospels and Acts to dramatize a new event. The particle ἰδοὺ functions as a demonstrative exclamation (“behold!”) and draws the listener’s attention with almost theatrical effect. εὐθέως – An adverb meaning “immediately.” Typical of Koine preference for narrative urgency; Luke favors such adverbs to transition swiftly between scenes.… Learn Koine Greek
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αἶνος

Posted on November 11, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἶνος: (1) a saying, proverb (2) praise, laudatory discourse

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Latin: laus

Syriac: ܫܒܚ (praise, laud, glory)

Matthew 21:16

και ειπον αυτω ακουεις τι ουτοι λεγουσιν ο δε ιησους λεγει αυτοις ναι ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε οτι εκ στοματος νηπιων και θηλαζοντων κατηρτισω αινον

KJV And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?

Vulgate et dixerunt ei audis quid isti dicant Iesus autem dicit eis utique numquam legistis quia ex ore infantium et lactantium perfecisti laudem

Peshitta ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ ܡܳܢܳܐ ܐܳܡܪܺܝܢ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܐܳܡܰܪ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܐܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܡܬ݂ܽܘܡ ܠܳܐ ܩܪܰܝܬ݁ܽܘܢ ܕ݁ܡܶܢ ܦ݁ܽܘܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܛܠܳܝܶܐ ܘܰܕ݂ܝܰܠܽܘܕ݂ܶܐ ܬ݁ܰܩܶܢܬ݁ ܬ݁ܶܫܒ݁ܽܘܚܬ݁ܳܐ܂

ואמרין לה שמע אנת מנא אמרין הלין אמר להון ישוע אין מן מתום לא קריתון דמן פומא דטליא ודילודא תקנת תשבוחתא܂

Luke 18:43

και παραχρημα ανεβλεψεν και ηκολουθει αυτω δοξαζων τον θεον και πας ο λαος ιδων εδωκεν αινον τω θεω

KJV And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, glorifying God: and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise unto God.… Learn Koine Greek

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αἴνιγμα

Posted on November 10, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἴνιγμα: (1) an obscure saying, enigma, riddle (2) an obscure thing

Part of Speech: noun neuter

Latin: aenigma

Syriac: ܦܠܐܬܐ (parable, figure, similitude, comparison)

1 Corinthians 13:12

βλεπομεν γαρ αρτι δι εσοπτρου εν αινιγματι τοτε δε προσωπον προς προσωπον αρτι γινωσκω εκ μερους τοτε δε επιγνωσομαι καθως και επεγνωσθην

KJV For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

Vulgate videmus nunc per speculum in enigmate tunc autem facie ad faciem nunc cognosco ex parte tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum

Peshitta ܗܳܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܕ݁ܰܒ݂ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܚܳܙܶܝܢܰܢ ܒ݁ܦ݂ܶܠܶܐܬ݂ܳܐ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܽܘܩܒ݂ܰܠ ܐܰܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܝܳܕ݂ܰܥ ܐ݈ܢܳܐ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝ ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܐܶܕ݁ܰܥ ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܶܐܬ݂ܝܰܕ݂ܥܶܬ݂܂

השא איך דבמחזיתא חזינן בפלאתא הידין דין אפין לוקבל אפין השא ידע אנא קליל מן סגי הידין דין אדע איך מא דאתידעת܂… Learn Koine Greek

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αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν

Posted on November 8, 2011 by New Testament Greek

αἰνέω ; αἰνεῖν: (1) to praise, extol, to sing praises in honour to God (2) to allow, recommend (3) to promise or vow

Part of Speech: verb

Latin: (1) laudare (2) collaudare (3) laudem dicere

Syriac: (1) ܫܒܚ (glorify, praise) (2) ܗܠ (praise)

Luke 2:13

και εξαιφνης εγενετο συν τω αγγελω πληθος στρατιας ουρανιου αινουντων τον θεον και λεγοντων

KJV And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

Vulgate et subito facta est cum angelo multitudo militiae caelestis laudantium Deum et dicentium

Peshitta ܘܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝ ܐܶܬ݂ܚܙܺܝܘ ܥܰܡ ܡܰܠܰܐܟ݂ܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܰܘܳܬ݂ܳܐ ܣܰܓ݁ܺܝܶܐܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܟ݁ܰܕ݂ ܡܫܰܒ݁ܚܺܝܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ܂

ומן שלי אתחזיו עם מלאכא חילותא סגיאא דשמיא כד משבחין לאלהא ואמרין

Luke 2:20

και επεστρεψαν οι ποιμενες δοξαζοντες και αινουντες τον θεον επι πασιν οις ηκουσαν και ειδον καθως ελαληθη προς αυτους

KJV And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.… Learn Koine Greek

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Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18

Posted on November 7, 2011 by New Testament Greek

2. Old Testament Quotations In The New Testament

Matthew 19:19 ; Leviticus 19:18

Matthew 19:19

τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον

Leviticus 19:18

Septuagint (LXX) καὶ οὐκ ἐκδικᾶταί σου ἡ χείρ, καὶ οὐ μηνιεῖς τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.

ἑαυτόν in many manuscripts and the Aldine and Complutensian editions.

Masoretic לא־תקם ולא־תטר את־בני עמך ואהבת לרעך כמוך אני יהוה׃ … Learn Koine Greek

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Future Indicative: The Progressive Future

Posted on November 7, 2011 by New Testament Greek
THE PROGRESSIVE FUTURE

(1) The Progressive Future affirms that an action will be in progress in future time.

Phil. 1:18; καὶ ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω ἀλλὰ καὶ χαρήσομαι, and therein I rejoice, yea, and will [continue to] rejoice. See also Rom. 6:2; Phil. 1:6; Rev. 9:6.

(2) It may be doubted whether any of the distinctions indicated by the subdivisions of the Predictive Future are justified from the point of view of pure grammar. It is probable, rather, that the tense in all these cases makes precisely the same affirmation respecting the event, viz, that it will take place; and that it is the context only that conveys the distinctions referred to.… Learn Koine Greek

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Future Indicative: The Aoristic Future

Posted on November 6, 2011 by New Testament Greek
THE AORISTIC FUTURE

The Aoristic Future conceives of an action simply as an event, and affirms that it will take place in future time. It may be indefinite, inceptive, or resultative. As indefinite it may be momentary, comprehensive, or collective. Cf. THE AORIST INDICATIVE, The Historical Aorist (2).

1 Cor. 15:51, 52; πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα πάντες δὲ ἀλλαγησόμεθα, 52 ἐν ἀτόμῳ, ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, we shall not all sleep [indefinite comprehensive]; or, we shall not all fall asleep [inceptive], but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye [indefinite momentary].

John 14:26; ἐκεῖνος ὑμᾶς διδάξει πάντα καὶ ὑπομνήσει ὑμᾶς πάντα ἃ εἶπον, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all things that I said unto you [indefinite collective].… Learn Koine Greek

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Matthew 19:18 ; Exodus 20:13-16 ; Deuteronomy 5:17-20

Posted on November 6, 2011 by New Testament Greek

1. Old Testament (Septuagint) quotes in the New Testament.

Matthew 19:18 ; Exodus 20:13-16 ; Deuteronomy 5:17-20

Matthew 19:18

λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους ειπεν το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησει

Exodus 20:13

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Masoretic לא תרצח׃

Exodus 20:14

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ κλέψεις. Masoretic לא תנאף׃

Exodus 20:15

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ φονεύσεις. Masoretic לא תגנב׃

Exodus 20:16

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ. Masoretic לא־תענה ברעך עד שׁקר׃

Deuteronomy 5:17

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Masoretic לא תרצח

Deuteronomy 5:18

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ φονεύσεις. Masoretic ולא תנאף׃

Deuteronomy 5:19

Septuagint (LXX) οὐ κλέψεις.… Learn Koine Greek

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Future Indicative: The Predictive Future

Posted on November 5, 2011 by New Testament Greek
THE PREDICTIVE FUTURE

The Future Indicative is most frequently used to affirm that an action is to take place in future time. Since it does not mark the distinction between action in progress and action conceived of indefinitely without reference to its progress, it may be either aoristic or progressive. … Learn Koine Greek

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Aorist Indicative: The Disctinction Between The Aorist And The Imperfect

Posted on November 4, 2011 by New Testament Greek
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE AORIST AND THE IMPERFECT

(1) The difference between an Historical Aorist and an Imperfect of action in progress or repeated being one not of the nature of the fact but of the speaker’s conception of the fact, it is evident that the same fact may be expressed by either tense or by both. This is illustrated in Mark 12:41 and 44, where, with strict appropriateness in both cases, Mark writes in v. 41, πολλοὶ πλούσιοι ἔβαλλον πολλά, and in v. 44 records Jesus as stating the same fact in the words πάντες . . . ἔβαλον. The former describes the scene in progress, the latter merely states the fact.… Learn Koine Greek

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