But when he comes, the Spirit of truth, he will guide you into all the truth. For he will not speak from himself, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things to come.
Exegetical AnalysisThe verse begins with ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ — a temporal clause using ὅταν with an aorist subjunctive (ἔλθῃ), the standard Koine way of speaking about indefinite future time (“when he comes”).… Learn Koine Greek
“And they, having heard that he was alive and had been seen by her, did not believe.”
This verse captures a powerful moment of disbelief from the resurrection narrative, using tightly structured Greek clauses to contrast hearing with rejection: κἀκεῖνοι ἀκούσαντες ὅτι ζῇ καὶ ἐθεάθη ὑπ’ αὐτῆς, ἠπίστησαν from Mark 16:11. The grammar balances participles and indicative verbs to portray the theological tension between testimony and resistance — between resurrection truth and human doubt.
Grammatical Highlights κἀκεῖνοι — crasis of καὶ + ἐκεῖνοι (“and those ones,” i.e., they); subject of the sentence.… Learn Koine GreekLuke 16:11 comes in the aftermath of the parable of the unjust steward (Luke 16:1–9), a notoriously challenging passage in which Jesus commends shrewdness in handling worldly wealth. The surrounding verses (10–13) form a series of sayings about faithfulness, trust, and stewardship. Verse 11 is part of a logical sequence: if one proves unfaithful with lesser, earthly matters, how can one be entrusted with eternal ones? This verse plays a pivotal role in transitioning from the parable to direct ethical and theological application.
Structural Analysisεἰ οὖν ἐν τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε, τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει;
This is a first-class conditional sentence, with the condition assumed to be true for the sake of argument.… Learn Koine Greek
Become imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ.
A Bold Command Rooted in HumilityIn 1 Corinthians 11:1, Paul offers a striking command: Μιμηταί μου γίνεσθε, “Become imitators of me.” The imperative γίνεσθε (present middle imperative, second person plural) emphasizes an ongoing process of becoming, not a static imitation. The noun μιμηταί (imitators) evokes the imagery of discipleship, patterning one’s life after a model. At first glance, the command seems audacious—Paul urging others to follow his example. But the phrase that follows, καθὼς κἀγὼ Χριστοῦ (“just as I also am of Christ”), transforms this imperative into an act of profound humility.… Learn Koine Greek
Romans 16:10 reflects Paul’s deep relational network in the early church. The greetings offered are more than formal—they honor character, affirm identity in Christ, and recognize the church’s spread into diverse social circles. The Greek text communicates precision, respect, and affection in just a few words.
Grammatical Foundationsἀσπάσασθε Ἀπελλῆν τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ—“Greet Apelles, the approved one in Christ.”
ἀσπάσασθε—aorist middle imperative, 2nd person plural from ἀσπάζομαι, meaning “greet,” used here as a formal or affectionate salutation. Ἀπελλῆν—accusative masculine singular proper noun, the name of a Christian in Rome.… Learn Koine GreekGreet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those from the household of Aristobulus.
Personalized Fellowship: Literary and Theological Context of Romans 16:10This verse forms part of Paul’s extended list of personal greetings in Romans 16—a rare and precious window into the relational texture of the early church. Here, grammar serves the theological and communal function of acknowledging believers by name and status. The imperative structure, participial modifiers, and prepositional phrases together establish a tone of warmth, respect, and communal solidarity rooted in union with Christ.
Grammatical Feature Analysis: Imperatives and Participial ModificationEach greeting uses the imperative:
ἀσπάσασθε — aorist middle imperative, 2nd person plural from ἀσπάζομαι (“to greet, to salute, to embrace verbally or physically”).… Learn Koine GreekAnanias says to Saul: ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με, ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου — “the Lord has sent me, the one who appeared to you on the road where you were going.”
This relative clause identifies who sent Ananias. The clause is deeply theological—it ties Ananias’s mission directly to the risen Christ, who appeared to Saul on the Damascus road. The key verb is a divine passive (ὀφθείς) and the clause includes a locative relative construction (ᾗ ἤρχου).
Σαοὺλ ἀδελφέ, ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με, ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου, ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου.… Learn Koine GreekIn Acts 9:17, Ananias speaks to Saul (later Paul) with words full of meaning and divine intention: ὁ κύριος… ἀπέσταλκέ με… ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου.
This clause, introduced by ὅπως, contains two aorist subjunctives—ἀναβλέψῃς and πλησθῇς—joined by καί. The result is a dual-purpose expression: restoration of sight and reception of the Holy Spirit. The grammar reveals that both outcomes are tied together, both miraculous and missional.
Σαοὺλ ἀδελφέ, ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με, ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου, ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου.Let us focus on the final purpose clause of Acts 9:17:
ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς, καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος ἁγίου — “so that you may regain sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”… Learn Koine Greek
So Ananias departed and entered the house, and laying his hands on him, he said, “Saul, brother, the Lord, Jesus who appeared to you on the road by which you were coming, has sent me, so that you may regain sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”
Sent by the Risen LordWhen Ananias speaks to Saul, he declares: ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέ με — “the Lord has sent me.”… Learn Koine Greek
For a great and effective door has been opened to me, and there are many who oppose.
In this striking verse, Paul describes both opportunity and opposition in one breath: θύρα γάρ μοι ἀνέῳγε μεγάλη καὶ ἐνεργής, καὶ ἀντικείμενοι πολλοί from 1 Corinthians 16:9. Greek grammar reinforces the tension: a perfect verb reveals divine initiative, while asyndeton and adjective-noun constructions convey magnitude and power. Paul sees not a contradiction but a conjunction — one only possible in the grammatical logic of faith.
Grammatical Highlights θύρα — nominative feminine singular; subject of the main verb, metaphorical for opportunity.… Learn Koine Greek
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